The Upaniṣads / Īśāvāsya / 12 Becoming
12
अन्धं तमः प्रविशन्ति येऽसम्भूतिमुपासते ।
ततो भूय इव ते तमो य उ सम्भूत्यां रताः andhaṃ tamaḥ praviśanti ye 'sambhūtim upāsate |
tato bhūya iva te tamo ya u sambhūtyāṃ ratāḥ
The line
Into blind darkness they enter who attend on non-becoming. Into a darkness greater, as it were, those who delight in becoming.
नेपालीमा
अभवको सेवा गर्नेहरू अन्धो अन्धकारमा पस्छन्। भवमा रमाउनेहरू मानौँ अझ ठूलो अन्धकारमा पस्छन्।
Where it sits
In the Mādhyandina (माध्यन्दिन) order this block is read before mantras 9–11. The words are the same mantras. The sequence on this shelf is the Kāṇva (काण्व) one, so the vidyā (विद्या) pair has already been heard.
Split: andham (अन्धम्) + tamaḥ (तमः) + praviśanti (प्रविशन्ति) + ye (ये) + asambhūtim (असम्भूतिम्) + upāsate (उपासते) + tataḥ (ततः) + bhūyaḥ (भूयः) + iva (इव) + te (ते) + tamaḥ (तमः) + ye (ये) + u (उ) + sambhūtyām (सम्भूत्याम्) + ratāḥ (रताः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| andham tamaḥ (अन्धम् तमः) | accusative singular, neuter | Blind darkness. The same opening as mantra 9. |
| praviśanti (प्रविशन्ति) | present, third person plural | They enter. |
| ye (ये) | nominative plural | Who. |
| asambhūtim (असम्भूतिम्) | accusative singular, feminine | Non-becoming. The a (अ) drops: ye 'sambhūtim (येऽसम्भूतिम्). |
| upāsate (उपासते) | present, third person plural | They worship. |
| tataḥ bhūyaḥ iva (ततः भूयः इव) | than that, more, as it were | A greater darkness, as it were. |
| sambhūtyām (सम्भूत्याम्) | locative singular, feminine | In becoming. Heard sambhūtyāṃ (सम्भूत्यां). |
| ratāḥ (रताः) | nominative plural, masculine | Delighting. |
The phrases
The shape is mantra 9, with asambhūti (असम्भूति) where avidyā (अविद्या) stood, and sambhūti (सम्भूति) where vidyā (विद्या) stood.
Worship of non-becoming is one darkness. Delight in becoming is the greater, as it were.
Sanskrit in this line
Ye (ये) plus asambhūtim (असम्भूतिम्) is ye 'sambhūtim (येऽसम्भूतिम्).
The sandhi of the second half is the sandhi of mantra 9.
Say it back
Say the two words that have taken the place of avidyā (अविद्या) and vidyā (विद्या).