The Upaniṣads / Kaṭha / 1.11 Granted
1.11
यथा पुरस्ताद् भविता प्रतीत औद्दालकिरारुणिर् मत्प्रसृष्टः ।
सुखं रात्रीः शयिता वीतमन्युस् त्वां ददृशिवान् मृत्युमुखात् प्रमुक्तम् yathā purastād bhavitā pratīta auddālakir āruṇir matprasṛṣṭaḥ |
sukhaṃ rātrīḥ śayitā vītamanyus tvāṃ dadṛśivān mṛtyumukhāt pramuktam
The line
As before, Auddālaki Āruṇi (औद्दालकि आरुणि) will be one who understands, released by me. He will sleep the nights gladly, anger gone, having seen you freed from the mouth of Death.
नेपालीमा
पहिले जस्तै, मैले छोडेका औद्दालकि आरुणि बुझ्ने हुनेछन्। मृत्युको मुखबाट तिमी मुक्त भएको देखेर तिनको रिस गएको हुनेछ, र तिनले रातहरू आनन्दले सुत्नेछन्।
Where it sits
The first boon is closed. The boy does not linger on it. 1.12 begins the second, with a picture of heaven.
Split: yathā (यथा) + purastāt (पुरस्तात्) + bhavitā (भविता) + pratītaḥ (प्रतीतः) + auddālakiḥ (औद्दालकिः) + āruṇiḥ (आरुणिः) + mat-prasṛṣṭaḥ (मत्-प्रसृष्टः) + sukham (सुखम्) + rātrīḥ (रात्रीः) + śayitā (शयिता) + vīta-manyuḥ (वीत-मन्युः) + tvām (त्वाम्) + dadṛśivān (ददृशिवान्) + mṛtyu-mukhāt (मृत्यु-मुखात्) + pramuktam (प्रमुक्तम्)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| yathā (यथा) | indeclinable | As. |
| purastāt (पुरस्तात्) | indeclinable | Before. Heard purastād (पुरस्ताद्). |
| bhavitā (भविता) | periphrastic future, nominative | He will be. |
| pratītaḥ (प्रतीतः) | nominative singular, masculine | One who understands. Heard pratīta (प्रतीत). |
| auddālakiḥ (औद्दालकिः) | nominative singular, masculine | The son of Uddālaka (उद्दालक). Heard auddālakir (औद्दालकिर्). |
| āruṇiḥ (आरुणिः) | nominative singular, masculine | The son of Aruṇa (अरुण). The same father, by another name. Heard āruṇir (आरुणिर्). |
| mat-prasṛṣṭaḥ (मत्-प्रसृष्टः) | nominative singular, masculine | Released by me. |
| sukham (सुखम्) | indeclinable, or accusative | Happily. Heard sukhaṃ (सुखं). |
| rātrīḥ (रात्रीः) | accusative plural, feminine | The nights. |
| śayitā (शयिता) | periphrastic future | He will sleep. |
| vīta-manyuḥ (वीत-मन्युः) | nominative singular, masculine | His anger gone. Heard vītamanyus (वीतमन्यु). |
| tvām (त्वाम्) | accusative singular | You. Heard tvāṃ (त्वां). |
| dadṛśivān (ददृशिवान्) | perfect participle, nominative | Having seen. From dṛś (दृश्). |
| mṛtyu-mukhāt (मृत्यु-मुखात्) | ablative singular, neuter | From the mouth of Death. Heard mṛtyumukhāt (मृत्युमुखात्). |
| pramuktam (प्रमुक्तम्) | accusative singular, masculine | Freed. Agrees with tvām (त्वाम्). |
The phrases
Yama (यम) answers in the future. The father will be as he was, and he will have seen the boy freed.
Sanskrit in this line
Purastāt (पुरस्तात्) before bhavitā (भविता) is purastād (पुरस्ताद्). Auddālakiḥ (औद्दालकिः) before āruṇiḥ (आरुणिः) is auddālakir (औद्दालकिर्).
Say it back
Say the father's two names, and what he will have seen.