The Upaniṣads / Kaṭha / 1.8 Hope and the rest
1.8
आशाप्रतीक्षे संगतं सूनृतां च इष्टापूर्ते पुत्रपशूंश् च सर्वान् ।
एतद् वृङ्क्ते पुरुषस्याल्पमेधसो यस्यानश्नन् वसति ब्राह्मणो गृहे āśāpratīkṣe saṃgataṃ sūnṛtāṃ ca iṣṭāpūrte putrapaśūṃś ca sarvān |
etad vṛṅkte puruṣasyālpamedhaso yasyānaśnan vasati brāhmaṇo gṛhe
The line
Hope and expectation, company, kind speech, sacrifice and good work, sons and cattle, all of it: this a man of small wit tears away, in whose house a Brahmin stays without eating.
नेपालीमा
आशा र अपेक्षा, साथ, मिठो वचन, यज्ञ र असल कर्म, छोरा र गाई, यो सब, सानो बुद्धि भएको मानिसले च्यात्छ, जसको घरमा ब्राह्मण नखाई बस्छ।
Where it sits
Three nights of that staying are what Yama (यम) will confess in the next mantra. The boy has been the unfed guest.
Split: āśā-pratīkṣe (आशा-प्रतीक्षे) + saṃgatam (संगतम्) + sūnṛtām (सूनृताम्) + ca (च) + iṣṭa-pūrte (इष्ट-पूर्ते) + putra-paśūn (पुत्र-पशून्) + ca (च) + sarvān (सर्वान्) + etat (एतत्) + vṛṅkte (वृङ्क्ते) + puruṣasya (पुरुषस्य) + alpa-medhasaḥ (अल्प-मेधसः) + yasya (यस्य) + anaśnan (अनश्नन्) + vasati (वसति) + brāhmaṇaḥ (ब्राह्मणः) + gṛhe (गृहे)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| āśā-pratīkṣe (आशा-प्रतीक्षे) | accusative dual, feminine | Hope and expectation. |
| saṃgatam (संगतम्) | accusative singular, neuter | Company, the meeting with friends. Heard saṃgataṃ (संगतं). |
| sūnṛtām (सूनृताम्) | accusative singular, feminine | Kind, true speech. Heard sūnṛtāṃ (सूनृतां). |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | And. |
| iṣṭa-pūrte (इष्ट-पूर्ते) | accusative dual, neuter | The sacrifice and the meritorious work. |
| putra-paśūn (पुत्र-पशून्) | accusative plural, masculine | Sons and cattle. Heard putrapaśūṃś (पुत्रपशूंश्) before ca (च). |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | And. |
| sarvān (सर्वान्) | accusative plural, masculine | All. |
| etat (एतत्) | accusative singular, neuter | This. All of that list. Heard etad (एतद्). |
| vṛṅkte (वृङ्क्ते) | present, third person singular, ātmanepada (आत्मनेपद) | He tears off, he cuts away. From vraśc (व्रश्च्). |
| puruṣasya (पुरुषस्य) | genitive singular, masculine | Of the man. Joins alpa (अल्प): puruṣasyālpa (पुरुषस्याल्प). |
| alpa-medhasaḥ (अल्प-मेधसः) | genitive singular, masculine | Of small wit. Agrees with puruṣasya (पुरुषस्य). |
| yasya (यस्य) | genitive singular, masculine | In whose. Joins anaśnan (अनश्नन्): yasyānaśnan (यस्यानश्नन्). |
| anaśnan (अनश्नन्) | nominative singular, masculine | Not eating. A participle. |
| vasati (वसति) | present, third person singular | He stays. |
| brāhmaṇaḥ (ब्राह्मणः) | nominative singular, masculine | A Brahmin. Heard brāhmaṇo (ब्राह्मणो). |
| gṛhe (गृहे) | locative singular, neuter | In the house. |
The phrases
A long accusative list is the object of vṛṅkte (वृङ्क्ते). The genitive is the man of small wit, defined by the relative yasya (यस्य).
Sanskrit in this line
Puruṣasya (पुरुषस्य) plus alpa (अल्प) is puruṣasyālpa (पुरुषस्याल्प). Yasya (यस्य) plus anaśnan (अनश्नन्) is yasyānaśnan (यस्यानश्नन्).
Say it back
Say what is torn away, and the one condition in the house.