The Upaniṣads / Kaṭha / 2.12 Hard to see
2.12
तं दुर्दर्शं गूढमनुप्रविष्टं गुहाहितं गह्वरेष्ठं पुराणम् ।
अध्यात्मयोगाधिगमेन देवं मत्वा धीरो हर्षशोकौ जहाति taṃ durdarśaṃ gūḍham anupraviṣṭaṃ guhāhitaṃ gahvareṣṭhaṃ purāṇam |
adhyātmayogādhigamena devaṃ matvā dhīro harṣaśokau jahāti
The line
Him, hard to see, hidden, entered in, set in the cave, standing in the deep, ancient: having thought that god by the approach of yoking to the self, the wise one leaves thrill and grief.
नेपालीमा
देख्न गाह्रो, लुकेको, भित्र पसेको, गुफामा राखिएको, गहिराइमा उभिएको, पुरातन, त्यस देवलाई आत्मामा योगको उपायले विचार गरेर ज्ञानीले रोमाञ्च र शोक छोड्छ।
Where it sits
The cave was where the fire was laid, 1.14. The same word guhā (गुहा) is now where the god is set. Harṣa (हर्ष) and śoka (शोक) are a dual. Both go.
Split: tam (तम्) + durdarśam (दुर्दर्शम्) + gūḍham (गूढम्) + anupraviṣṭam (अनुप्रविष्टम्) + guhā-hitam (गुहा-हितम्) + gahvare-stham (गह्वरे-स्थम्) + purāṇam (पुराणम्) + adhyātma-yoga-adhigamena (अध्यात्म-योग-अधिगमेन) + devam (देवम्) + matvā (मत्वा) + dhīraḥ (धीरः) + harṣa-śokau (हर्ष-शोकौ) + jahāti (जहाति)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| tam (तम्) | accusative | Him. Heard taṃ (तं). |
| durdarśam (दुर्दर्शम्) | accusative | Hard to see. Heard durdarśaṃ (दुर्दर्शं). |
| gūḍham (गूढम्) | accusative | Hidden. Heard gūḍham (गूढम्). |
| anupraviṣṭam (अनुप्रविष्टम्) | accusative | Entered in. Heard anupraviṣṭaṃ (अनुप्रविष्टं). |
| guhā-hitam (गुहा-हितम्) | accusative | Set in the cave. Heard guhāhitaṃ (गुहाहितं). |
| gahvare-stham (गह्वरे-स्थम्) | accusative | Standing in the thicket, the deep. Heard gahvareṣṭhaṃ (गह्वरेष्ठं). |
| purāṇam (पुराणम्) | accusative | Ancient. Heard purāṇam (पुराणम्). |
| adhyātma-yoga-adhigamena (अध्यात्म-योग-अधिगमेन) | instrumental | By the approach that is the yoking to the self. Heard adhyātmayogādhigamena (अध्यात्मयोगाधिगमेन). |
| devam (देवम्) | accusative | The god. Heard devaṃ (देवं). |
| matvā (मत्वा) | gerund | Having thought. |
| dhīraḥ (धीरः) | nominative | The wise one. Heard dhīro (धीरो). |
| harṣa-śokau (हर्ष-शोकौ) | accusative dual | Thrill and grief. |
| jahāti (जहाति) | present | He leaves. From hā (हा). |
The phrases
A long accusative of the god who is hard to see, then the means, then the pair he leaves: thrill and grief.
Sanskrit in this line
Adhyātma-yoga (अध्यात्म-योग) plus adhigamena (अधिगमेन) is adhyātmayogādhigamena (अध्यात्मयोगाधिगमेन).
Say it back
Name the dual he leaves.