The Upaniṣads / Kaṭha / 2.24 Not the unquiet
2.24
नाविरतो दुश्चरितान् नाशान्तो नासमाहितः ।
नाशान्तमानसो वापि प्रज्ञानेनैनमाप्नुयात् nāvirato duścaritān nāśānto nāsamāhitaḥ |
nāśāntamānaso vāpi prajñānenainam āpnuyāt
The line
Not one who has not turned from bad conduct, not the unquiet, not the uncollected, not even one whose mind is unquiet, would obtain him by knowing.
नेपालीमा
दुराचार नछोडेकोले, अशान्तले, असमाहितले, र मन अशान्त भएकोले पनि जानेर उसलाई पाउँदैन।
Where it sits
The fitness is named by refusal. Prajñāna (प्रज्ञान) is not enough by itself when the person is still those four. The vallī (वल्ली) closes on the one for whom priest and king are food.
Split: na avirataḥ (न अविरतः) + duścaritāt (दुश्चरितात्) + na aśāntaḥ (न अशान्तः) + na asamāhitaḥ (न असमाहितः) + na aśānta-mānasaḥ (न अशान्त-मानसः) + vā api (वा अपि) + prajñānena (प्रज्ञानेन) + enam (एनम्) + āpnuyāt (आप्नुयात्)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| na avirataḥ (न अविरतः) | not one who has not ceased | Heard nāvirato (नाविरतो). |
| duścaritāt (दुश्चरितात्) | ablative | From bad conduct. Heard duścaritān (दुश्चरितान्) before na (न). |
| na aśāntaḥ (न अशान्तः) | not the unquiet | Heard nāśānto (नाशान्तो). |
| na asamāhitaḥ (न असमाहितः) | not the uncollected | Heard nāsamāhitaḥ (नासमाहितः). |
| na aśānta-mānasaḥ (न अशान्त-मानसः) | not one of unquiet mind | Heard nāśāntamānaso (नाशान्तमानसो). |
| vā api (वा अपि) | or even | Heard vāpi (वापि). |
| prajñānena (प्रज्ञानेन) | instrumental | By knowing. Joins enam (एनम्): prajñānenainam (प्रज्ञानेनैनम्). |
| enam (एनम्) | accusative | Him. |
| āpnuyāt (आप्नुयात्) | optative | He would obtain. |
The phrases
Four kinds of person do not obtain him, even by knowing. The verb is one, at the end, for all four.
Sanskrit in this line
Each na (न) plus a vowel makes nā (ना). Prajñānena enam (प्रज्ञानेन एनम्) is prajñānenainam (प्रज्ञानेनैनम्).
Say it back
Name the four who would not obtain him.