The Upaniṣads / Kaṭha / 4.4 Dream's end, waking's end
4.4
स्वप्नान्तं जागरितान्तं चोभौ येनानुपश्यति ।
महान्तं विभुमात्मानं मत्वा धीरो न शोचति svapnāntaṃ jāgaritāntaṃ cobhau yenānupaśyati |
mahāntaṃ vibhum ātmānaṃ matvā dhīro na śocati
The line
That by which one sees both dream's end and waking's end: having thought the self, great and pervading, the wise one does not grieve.
नेपालीमा
जसद्वारा सपनाको अन्त्य र जागाको अन्त्य दुवै देखिन्छ, महान् तथा व्याप्त आत्मालाई विचार गरेपछि ज्ञानी शोक गर्दैन।
Where it sits
Dream and waking are two of the Māṇḍūkya (माण्डूक्य)'s feet. This mantra does not add the fourth. It says the one by whom both ends are seen. Not grieving was 2.22.
Split: svapna-antam (स्वप्न-अन्तम्) + jāgarita-antam ca (जागरित-अन्तम् च) + ubhau (उभौ) + yena anupaśyati (येन अनुपश्यति) + mahāntam vibhum ātmānam (महान्तम् विभुमात्मानम्) + matvā (मत्वा) + dhīraḥ na śocati (धीरः न शोचति)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| svapna-antam (स्वप्न-अन्तम्) | accusative | The end of dream. Heard svapnāntam (स्वप्नान्तम्). |
| jāgarita-antam ca (जागरित-अन्तम् च) | and the end of waking | Heard jāgaritāntaṃ ca (जागरितान्तं च). |
| ubhau (उभौ) | accusative dual | Both. |
| yena anupaśyati (येन अनुपश्यति) | by which one sees | Heard yenānupaśyati (येनानुपश्यति). |
| mahāntam vibhum ātmānam (महान्तम् विभुमात्मानम्) | the great pervading self | Accusative. |
| matvā (मत्वा) | gerund | Having thought. |
| dhīraḥ na śocati (धीरः न शोचति) | the wise one does not grieve | Heard dhīro na śocati (धीरो न शोचति). |
The phrases
By what one sees both the end of dream and the end of waking. Having thought the great pervading self, the wise one does not grieve.
Sanskrit in this line
Yena anupaśyati (येन अनुपश्यति) is yenānupaśyati (येनानुपश्यति).
Say it back
Name the two ends.