10
Sāṅkhya Kārikā / Verses 1–21, the two realities / 10
हेतुमदनित्यमव्यापि सक्रियमनेकमाश्रितं लिङ्गम् सावयवं परतन्त्रं व्यक्तं विपरीतमव्यक्तम्
hetumad anityam avyāpi sakriyam anekam āśritaṃ liṅgam sāvayavaṃ paratantraṃ vyaktaṃ viparītam avyaktam
The line
The manifest has a cause, passes, is not everywhere, acts, is many, rests on another, is a sign, has parts, and depends. The unmanifest is the opposite of each.
नेपालीमा
व्यक्तको कारण हुन्छ, त्यो बित्छ, सर्वत्र हुँदैन, काम गर्छ, धेरै हुन्छ, अर्कोमा अडिन्छ, चिह्न हुन्छ, भाग हुन्छ, र अरूमा भर पर्छ। अव्यक्त हरेकको उल्टो हो।
Where it sits
Verse 11 will add the properties the manifest and the unmanifest share, and the properties that belong only to puruṣa (पुरुष). Three columns are being built: effect, cause, seer.
Split: hetumat (हेतुमत्) + anityam (अनित्यम्) + avyāpi (अव्यापि) + sa-kriyam (स-क्रियम्) + anekam (अनेकम्) + āśritam (आश्रितम्) + liṅgam (लिङ्गम्) + sa-avayavam (स-अवयवम्) + para-tantram (पर-तन्त्रम्) + vyaktam (व्यक्तम्) + viparītam (विपरीतम्) + avyaktam (अव्यक्तम्)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| hetumat (हेतुमत्) | nominative singular, neuter | having a cause. |
| anityam (अनित्यम्) | nominative singular, neuter | not lasting. It passes. |
| avyāpi (अव्यापि) | nominative singular, neuter | not pervasive. It is somewhere, not everywhere. |
| sa-kriyam (स-क्रियम्) | nominative singular, neuter | with activity. It moves or changes place. |
| anekam (अनेकम्) | nominative singular, neuter | not one. Many. |
| āśritam (आश्रितम्) | nominative singular, neuter | supported, resting on something else. |
| liṅgam (लिङ्गम्) | nominative singular, neuter | a mark, a sign. The manifest points. It is also called the liṅga (लिङ्ग), the subtle body, later. Here it is 'a sign of its cause.' |
| sa-avayavam (स-अवयवम्) | nominative singular, neuter | with parts. |
| para-tantram (पर-तन्त्रम्) | nominative singular, neuter | dependent on another. tantra (तन्त्र) here is a dependence, a loom one is strung on. |
| vyaktam (व्यक्तम्) | nominative singular, neuter | the manifest. The subject of the nine descriptions. |
| viparītam (विपरीतम्) | nominative singular, neuter | the opposite. |
| avyaktam (अव्यक्तम्) | nominative singular, neuter | the unmanifest. |
The phrases
Nine adjectives, then the noun vyaktam (व्यक्तम्). In Sanskrit the adjectives can come first and the noun last. All of them are neuter nominative, agreeing with vyakta (व्यक्त).
viparītam avyaktam (विपरीतमव्यक्तम्) turns every adjective over for root nature: no cause before it, lasting, pervasive, inactive, one, not supported, not a sign of a further cause, without parts, independent.
Hold the reversal loosely until verse 15 and 16 argue it. The verse is the list, not yet the proof.
Sanskrit in this line
hetumat (हेतुमत्) is hetu (हेतु) plus the possessive suffix -mat (-मत्), 'having.' Neuter nominative of a -mat (-मत्) stem is -mat (-मत्), the same shape as the stem, not -mān (-मान्) (that is masculine). avyāpi (अव्यापि) is the same pattern, a stem in -in (-इन्), neuter nominative looking like the stem.
Say it back
Turn three of the nine over, aloud, for avyakta (अव्यक्त).