62
Sāṅkhya Kārikā / Verses 56–68, the end / 62
तस्मान् न बध्यतेऽद्धा न मुच्यते नापि संसरति कश्चित् संसरति बध्यते मुच्यते च नानाश्रया प्रकृतिः
tasmān na badhyate 'ddhā na mucyate nāpi saṃsarati kaścit saṃsarati badhyate mucyate ca nānāśrayā prakṛtiḥ
The line
Surely, therefore, no one is bound, no one is released, and no one wanders. Nature, in her many supports, wanders, is bound, and is released.
नेपालीमा
निश्चय, त्यसैले कोही बाँधिँदैन, कोही मुक्त हुँदैन, र कोही संसरण गर्दैन। प्रकृति धेरै आश्रयमा संसरण गर्छे, बाँधिन्छे र मुक्त हुन्छे।
Where it sits
Verse 63 says how she binds herself and how she frees herself. One form binds. One form frees. Both are hers.
Split: tasmāt (तस्मात्) + na (न) + badhyate (बध्यते) + addhā (अद्धा) + na (न) + mucyate (मुच्यते) + na (न) + api (अपि) + saṃsarati (संसरति) + kaścit (कश्चित्) + saṃsarati (संसरति) + badhyate (बध्यते) + mucyate (मुच्यते) + ca (च) + nānā-āśrayā (नाना-आश्रया) + prakṛtiḥ (प्रकृतिः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| tasmāt (तस्मात्) | ablative | therefore. From the seeing in verse 61. |
| na badhyate (न बध्यते) | passive | is not bound. |
| addhā (अद्धा) | indeclinable | surely. |
| na mucyate (न मुच्यते) | passive | is not released. |
| na api saṃsarati (न अपि संसरति) | present | and does not transmigrate. |
| kaścit (कश्चित्) | nominative singular | anyone. Any person. |
| nānā-āśrayā (नाना-आश्रया) | nominative singular, feminine | having many supports. The many subtle and gross bodies. |
| prakṛtiḥ (प्रकृतिः) | nominative singular, feminine | nature. She is the subject of the second line. |
The phrases
The person was never in bondage, because bondage is a confusion of identity, and the identity was always free. What was bound is nature's evolute, taken as self. What is released is that same taking.
This is the verse that keeps Sāṅkhya (साङ्ख्य) from being a story of a soul that fell and climbed back. There is no fall of puruṣa (पुरुष). There is a show, and a mistaking of the show for the seer.
Sanskrit in this line
Three passives in a row: badhyate (बध्यते), mucyate (मुच्यते), and the active saṃsarati (संसरति). The passives matter. Binding is something undergone, not a rope the person tied. 'ddhā (ऽद्धा) is addhā (अद्धा) with the a (अ) dropped after badhyate (बध्यते).
Say it back
Who does not transmigrate? Answer with kaścit (कश्चित्) and with puruṣa (पुरुष).