2
Viṃśatikā / All 22 verses / 2
यदि विज्ञप्तिरनर्था नियमो देशकालयोः संतानस्यानियमश् च युक्ता कृत्यक्रिया न च
yadi vijñaptir anarthā niyamo deśakālayoḥ saṃtānasyāniyamaś ca yuktā kṛtyakriyā na ca
The line
If cognition has no object, then a fixed place and time, a seeing that is shared and not private, and the doing of a function, do not fit.
नेपालीमा
यदि ज्ञानको वस्तु छैन भने निश्चित ठाउँ र काल, निजी नभई साझा हुने देखाइ, र कामको क्रिया मिल्दैनन्।
Where it sits
Verse 1 made the claim. This is the objection the rest of the opening answers. The file drops the anusvāra (अनुस्वार) in saṃtāna (संतान). The word is saṃtāna (संतान).
Split: yadi (यदि) + vijñaptiḥ (विज्ञप्तिः) + anarthā (अनर्था) + niyamaḥ (नियमः) + deśa-kālayoḥ (देश-कालयोः) + saṃtānasya (संतानस्य) + aniyamaḥ (अनियमः) + ca (च) + yuktā (युक्ता) + kṛtya-kriyā (कृत्य-क्रिया) + na (न) + ca (च)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| yadi (यदि) | indeclinable | if. The objection begins. |
| vijñaptiḥ (विज्ञप्तिः) | nominative singular, feminine | a cognition. Sandhi before the vowel writes vijñaptir (विज्ञप्तिर्). |
| anarthā (अनर्था) | nominative singular, feminine | without an artha (अर्थ), without an object. Agrees with vijñaptiḥ (विज्ञप्तिः). |
| niyamaḥ (नियमः) | nominative singular, masculine | a restriction. |
| deśa-kālayoḥ (देश-कालयोः) | genitive dual, masculine | of place and of time. The dual -yoḥ (-योः) is 'of the two.' |
| saṃtānasya (संतानस्य) | genitive singular, masculine | of a saṃtāna (संतान), a stream of moments that makes one person. The file writes santāna (सन्तान), without the anusvāra (अनुस्वार). |
| aniyamaḥ (अनियमः) | nominative singular, masculine | a non-restriction: it is not the case that just anyone sees it. The file joins it as santānasyāniyamaśca (सन्तानस्यानियमश्च). |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and. |
| yuktā (युक्ता) | nominative singular, feminine | fitting. The adjective is waiting for kṛtyakriyā (कृत्यक्रिया), and the na (न) will deny the fitness of all three. |
| kṛtya-kriyā (कृत्य-क्रिया) | nominative singular, feminine | the doing of a function. A thing you can eat does the work of food. |
| na (न) | indeclinable | not. |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and. A second ca (च), closing the list the objection says will not fit. |
The phrases
The objector gives three failures. If there is no object, why is a cognition restricted to one place and one time? Why do many streams see the same thing, while a floaters-in-the-eye cognition is private? Why does the thing do its job?
yuktā (युक्ता) is singular and feminine, agreeing with the nearest noun, kṛtyakriyā (कृत्यक्रिया). The na (न) covers the restriction and the shared seeing as well. That is the compression. Verse 3 takes the first two. Verse 4 takes the function.
Sanskrit in this line
A dual genitive, deśakālayoḥ (देशकालयोः), is 'of place and of time,' one ending for the pair. niyamaḥ (नियमः) is 'restricted to' that pair.
Say it back
State the three objections in your own words, then go to verse 3 for the first answer.