4
Viṃśatikā / All 22 verses / 4
स्वप्नोपघातवत् कृत्यक्रिया नरकवत् पुनः सर्वं नरकपालादिदर्शने तैश् च बाधने
svapnopaghātavat kṛtyakriyā narakavat punaḥ sarvaṃ narakapālādidarśane taiś ca bādhane
The line
The doing of a function is shown by harm inside a dream. All three objections are shown by hell: the seeing of the hell-guards, and the harm done by them.
नेपालीमा
कामको क्रिया स्वप्नभित्रको हानिबाट देखाइन्छ। तीनै आपत्ति नरकबाट देखाइन्छन्: नरकका रक्षक देखिनु र तिनीहरूले गरेको हानि।
Where it sits
Verses 2 to 4 are the objection and the first reply. The reply does not yet say what a cognition is made of. It says the three failures already happen in dream, in the preta (प्रेत) river, and in hell, where the object is not what it seems.
Split: svapna-upaghātavat (स्वप्न-उपघातवत्) + kṛtya-kriyā (कृत्य-क्रिया) + narakavat (नरकवत्) + punaḥ (पुनः) + sarvam (सर्वम्) + naraka-pāla-ādi-darśane (नरक-पाल-आदि-दर्शने) + tais (तै) + ca (च) + bādhane (बाधने)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| svapna-upaghātavat (स्वप्न-उपघातवत्) | indeclinable | like the injury in a dream. upaghāta (उपघात) is a blow, a harm. |
| kṛtya-kriyā (कृत्य-क्रिया) | nominative singular, feminine | the doing of a function. Carried from verse 2, and now answered. |
| narakavat (नरकवत्) | indeclinable | like hell, naraka (नरक). |
| punaḥ (पुनः) | indeclinable | and further. |
| sarvam (सर्वम्) | nominative singular, neuter | all of it. All three objections. |
| naraka-pāla-ādi-darśane (नरक-पाल-आदि-दर्शने) | locative singular, neuter | in the seeing of the guardians of hell, and the rest. |
| tais (तै) | instrumental plural, masculine | by them, by those guardians. |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and. |
| bādhane (बाधने) | locative singular, neuter | in the harming. They are seen, and the harm happens. |
The phrases
A dream can have a result in the body. That is the answer to 'nothing would do any work.' Hell is then one picture for the whole objection: the guardians are seen in a fixed place and time, seen by all who are there, and the harm occurs, while the guardians are not beings in the way the objector needs.
Verse 5 will say why those guardians are not counted as animals or as hungry ghosts born there.
Sanskrit in this line
Two locatives, darśane (दर्शने) and bādhane (बाधने), are two scenes in the same example. taiḥ (तैः) is the agent of the second scene.
Say it back
Say the three objections and the three examples, paired.