Speech and sound

Executive summary

Bhartṛhari (भर्तृहरि)’s Vākyapadīya (वाक्यपदीय) and Śārṅgadeva (शार्ङ्गदेव)’s Saṅgītaratnākara (सङ्गीतरत्नाकर) sit here, on what a word is and what musical sound is. The Brahmakāṇḍa (ब्रह्मकाण्ड) sittings are the opening kārikā (कारिका), the sphoṭa (स्फोट) verses, and the three levels of speech. That kāṇḍa (काण्ड) runs to 183, and the rest is named and not sat. The Saṅgītaratnākara (सङ्गीतरत्नाकर) sittings are the nāda (नाद) verses of the first adhyāya (अध्याय). The other six adhyāyas (अध्याय) are named and not sat.

नेपालीमा

भर्तृहरिको वाक्यपदीय र शार्ङ्गदेवको सङ्गीतरत्नाकर यहाँ शब्द के हो र सङ्गीतको ध्वनि के हो भन्ने प्रश्नमा बस्छन्। ब्रह्मकाण्डका बसाइमा सुरुको कारिका, स्फोटका श्लोक, र वाणीका तीन तह छन्। त्यो काण्ड एक सय तिरासीसम्म जान्छ, बाँकी नाम मात्र छ, समावेश गरिएको छैन। सङ्गीतरत्नाकरका बसाइ पहिलो अध्यायका नाद श्लोक हुन्। अरू छ अध्यायको नाम मात्र लिइएको छ, ती समावेश गरिएका छैनन्।

Two books sit on this shelf, beside the pramāṇas (प्रमाण). The six darśanas (दर्शन) are sorted by one question: is the Veda (वेद) a pramāṇa (प्रमाण)? These two books ask what a word is, and what musical sound is.

Where each one goes

Word, as a means, is a statement that makes you know. Whose statement, and whether the Veda (वेद) has an author, is that page. Bhartṛhari (भर्तृहरि)'s Vākyapadīya (वाक्यपदीय) is the book you open when the question is still what a word is: a sentence, a word, a phoneme, and the sound that carries them. He is a vaiyākaraṇa (वैयाकरण), a grammarian. The first kāṇḍa (काण्ड), the Brahmakāṇḍa (ब्रह्मकाण्ड), is the part started here. Readers call the opening teaching śabda-brahman (शब्द-ब्रह्मन्). The word grasped as one is sphoṭa (स्फोट). The kārikā (कारिका) verses name three levels of speech, and a later account adds a fourth.

Śārṅgadeva (शार्ङ्गदेव)'s Saṅgītaratnākara (सङ्गीतरत्नाकर) is saṅgīta-śāstra (सङ्गीत-शास्त्र). Song, what is played, and dance stand on nāda (नाद). The body's path of that sound is in the first adhyāya (अध्याय). Sangeet Yatra is the practice of this śāstra (शास्त्र): the rooms, the ear, the work at the instrument. The verses are here.

The Yoga (योग) book counts āgama (आगम) as a means, and it names a steady seat. The registers of a voice stay on this shelf.

What is written