Folk drills

Campfire, ballad, and lok hands. The whole style is one split: the thumb keeps a steady boom pulse, the fingers or pick answer on the off-beats. Get that split honest and most folk songs are already playable.

Technique path: Drills · Exercises · Folk exercises · this page

Why it matters even if folk is not your style: this is where you learn to change chords without stopping the right hand, and where the capo turns a handful of shapes into every key. Island strumming and fingerstyle both grow out of it. Where a drill is a shape or a picking pattern, TAB sits next to the explanation (A string on top). How to read it: Foundations · TAB.

One drill sounds at a time. Play becomes Stop on the same button. Loops follow the metronome in the practice bar — start near 60 and only move it when nothing rushes.

Suggested order

  1. Boom-chick — bass, strum, bass, strum on one chord.
  2. Alternating bass — root on 1, fifth on 3.
  3. G–C–D — the folk workhorse, one bar each.
  4. Am–F–C–G — same right hand, harder left hand.
  5. Capo drill — same shapes, new key.
  6. Thumb bass + brush — the fingerstyle seed.
  7. 3/4 waltz — bass, chick, chick.
  8. Lok pulse in 6/8 — the lilt behind a lot of Nepali folk.
  9. Boom-chicka and the Travis seed.
  10. G–Em–C–D, D–G–A, Am–C–D–F.
  11. Walk-down to Em, then lok with a change.
  12. First pieces — titles and play-along, no printed tunes.

Beginner

Boom-chick on G only. Then G–C–D, one bar each, downs. Capo stays off.

Intermediate

Alternating bass. Am–F–C–G. Capo 2 or 3, same shapes. Waltz bass-chick-chick.

Advanced

Travis seed. Walk-down to Em. Lok 6/8 with a change. Then a first piece — G–C–D or Resham Firiri shapes.

Sources (two-check): Hal Leonard Ukulele Method Book 1 (bass-strum, open-chord changes, capo) · Berklee-style practice of locking the picking hand to a click while the chords change. First-piece titles are public-domain folk and famous-title progressions — chords only. Nothing here is a copied tune.

Boom and strum

Hold G and let the right hand do the work. The neck below lights the shape the loop is playing; click any intersection to hear a single note.

“Bass” here means the thumb boom — the root / pulse note in folk boom-chick language — not a bass guitar string. On standard high-G (reentrant) uke, the C string is the lowest pitch; the G string is higher than C. So open G in a G chord is the root, not the low note. Prefer the C string when you want a true low boom; use G when the root sits there.

Boom notes live on C and/or G (whichever holds the root or fifth); the chick answers on E and/or A.

1 · Boom-chick

Beat 1: the chord root as a single thumb note (boom) — here open G (root of the G chord; higher than the C string on high-G). Beat 2: downstrum on E and A (chick). Beat 3: the same boom again. Beat 4: downstrum. Country, lok, and a lot of island campfire share this pulse.

    1     2     3     4
A|-------2-----------2--
E|-------3-----------3--
C|-------2-----------2--
G|-0-----------0--------   root boom (not the low string)

2 · Alternating bass

Same pattern, but beat 3 takes the fifth instead of the root. In G that is the C string at fret 2 (D); in C the open G string; in D the open A (or G string fret 2); in Am the open E. The bass starts to walk instead of thud.

    1     2     3     4
A|-------2-----------2--
E|-------3-----------3--
C|-------2-----2-----2--
G|-0--------------------   root, then 5th

3 · Bass only, then strum only

Split the drill. First pass: bass notes on 1 and 3, silence elsewhere. Second pass: strums on 2 and 4, no bass. Then put them back together. If the combined version rushes, one half is not steady yet.

bass only
A|-----------------
E|-----------------
C|-----------------
G|-0-----0---------

strum only
A|-------2-----2--
E|-------3-----3--
C|-------2-----2--
G|-------0-----0--

Changes

The right hand must not pause while the left hand moves. Change on beat 1; if you are late, arrive on 1 with only the bass note fretted and let the strum catch up.

4 · G → C → D → G

One bar each with the boom-chick running underneath. Three chords, dozens of campfire songs. Say the next chord name out loud on beat 4.

G                 C                 D
A|-2---------------3-----------------0--
E|-3---------------0-----------------2--
C|-2---------------0-----------------2--
G|-0---------------0-----------------2--

5 · Am → F → C → G

The minor-start version. F is the squeeze shape — if it is not clean yet, play the loop as Am–C–G and add F when both fretted notes ring (see Open chords). Listen to the model first; the bass notes are A, C (under F), C, G — roots on the C / G strings where they sit in open position.

Am                F                 C                 G
A|-0---------------0-----------------3-----------------2--
E|-0---------------1-----------------0-----------------3--
C|-0---------------0-----------------0-----------------2--
G|-2---------------2-----------------0-----------------0--

6 · Two-beat changes

Half a bar each: G, C, G, D. Twice the changes in the same time. This is the honest test — keep the boom-chick, do not slow down.

    1  2  |  3  4
    G        C
    1  2  |  3  4
    G        D      boom-chick still running

Capo — same shapes, new key

The capo is a moveable nut. Clamp it just behind a fret, keep the shapes you already know, and the song comes out higher. Fret 2 turns G–C–D into A–D–E; fret 4 turns it into B–E–F♯. Nothing about your left hand changes.

7 · Capo drill

Play the same G–C–D boom-chick with the capo model at fret 2, then fret 4. The shape on the neck stays put; the pitch moves. Useful when a singer needs the song in another key — same idea as moving Sa in Singing.

same TAB as drill 4
capo 2 → sounds A–D–E
capo 4 → sounds B–E–F♯

Thumb and lok

8 · Thumb bass + brush

Thumb plays a boom note on the beat (open G root here — role, not low pitch); the fingers brush E and A on the ands. Not full Travis picking and not classical pima — just the folk seed. Loop it on G, then hold Am and run the same right hand.

    1  &  2  &  3  &  4  &
A|----2-----2-----2-----2--
E|----3-----3-----3-----3--   brush
C|-------------------------
G|-0-----0-----0-----0-----   p

9 · Waltz — 3/4

Bass, chick, chick. Three beats to the bar, the bass only on 1. The practice bar switches to 3/4 for you. Many older Nepali and Western folk songs sit here.

    1     2     3
A|-------2-----2--
E|-------3-----3--
C|-------2-----2--
G|-0--------------   G

10 · Lok pulse — 6/8

Counted 1 2 3 · 4 5 6 with weight on 1 and 4. Bass on 1, brush down on 3, bass on 4, brush up on 6 — a lilt rather than a march. The same 3+3 grouping a madal player uses. Keep it light; folk lok is a shuffle, not a stomp.

    1  2  3  ·  4  5  6
A|--------2----------2--
E|--------3----------3--   brush
C|----------------------
G|-0-----------0--------   bass

Past the seed

11 · Boom-chicka

Bass on 1 and 3; on 2 and 4 a down–up instead of a single down. The extra upstroke is the country / bluegrass lift. Keep the bass louder than both strums.

    1  &  2  &  3  &  4  &
A|----------2--0--------2--0--
E|----------3--0--------3--0--
C|----------2-----------2-----
G|-0--------------0-----------   p  ↓ ↑

12 · Travis seed

Thumb still owns the bass. Index and middle pick one string each on the offs — not a brush. On G: p on open G (root), i on E, m on A. This is the folk door into pima, not the full method.

A|--------2-----2--   m
E|-----3-----3-----   i
C|-----------------
G|-0-------0-------   p

13 · G → Em → C → D

I–vi–IV–V in G. Same boom-chick, a minor colour in the middle. The 50s / ballad loop on Play along.

G                 Em                C                 D
A|-2---------------2-----------------3-----------------0--
E|-3---------------3-----------------0-----------------2--
C|-2---------------4-----------------0-----------------2--
G|-0---------------0-----------------0-----------------2--

14 · D → G → A

I–IV–V in D. Three shapes you already have; the bass notes sit on C / G (D on C fret 2, open G, A on G fret 2). Capo-friendly for singers who live higher than G. Play-along twin: A–D–E is the same map one tone up.

D                 G                 A
A|-0---------------2-----------------0--
E|-2---------------3-----------------0--
C|-2---------------2-----------------1--
G|-2---------------0-----------------2--

15 · Am → C → D → F

The slow 6/8 or 3/4 minor door (House of the Rising Sun is the famous title — we do not print the melody). Boom-chick still runs; F is the squeeze test. If F buzzes, hold Am–C–D and add F later.

Am                C                 D                 F
A|-0---------------3-----------------0-----------------0--
E|-0---------------0-----------------2-----------------1--
C|-0---------------0-----------------2-----------------0--
G|-2---------------0-----------------2-----------------2--

16 · Walk-down G to Em

Bass walks G → F♯ → E on the C string (lowest pitch): frets 7 → 6 → 4, then boom-chick on Em for a bar. The walk is the sentence; the Em is the full stop. Do not grab a full chord in the middle — one bass note is enough.

A|-----------------
E|-----------------
C|-7--6--4--------   G  F#  Em
G|-----------------

17 · Dead-string chick

Bass rings; the chick is a left-hand mute (release the shape without lifting off the strings). The contrast makes the boom speak. Same G boom-chick, muted strums on E / A.

    1     2     3     4
A|-------x-----------x--
E|-------x-----------x--
C|----------------------
G|-0-----------0--------   boom rings, chick is mute

18 · Lok 6/8 with a change

Same 1–2–3 · 4–5–6 pulse as drill 10, but the chord moves G → D each bar. Change on 1; keep the lilt. Play-along twin: Lok pulse.

bar 1 G             bar 2 D
A|-2-----------------0--
E|-3-----------------2--
C|-2-----------------2--
G|-0-----------------2--   same 6/8 right hand

First pieces

Folk “pieces” here are progressions you already drilled — not printed tunes. Public-domain songs you may sing; famous titles are a recognition aid only. Open the matching loop on Play along.

How to start

  1. Run the right-hand drill on one chord until it does not think.
  2. Add the progression at one bar each.
  3. Sing or hum the tune if you know it — we do not print it.

Beginner piece

G–C–D boom-chick. Amazing Grace, Oh Susanna, Resham Firiri (shapes only).

Intermediate piece

G–Em–C–D or Am–C–D–F. Waltz or 6/8 once the 4/4 is honest.

Advanced piece

Travis seed under G–C–D. Capo 2 or 3 for a singer. Lok 6/8 with a change.

Hawaiian doors

Tune / recognitionProgressionHear the harmony
Island vamp · many tourist-uke loops C · G · Am · F Island vamp · Island strum
Aloha ʻOe (public-domain — sing from memory) F · C · G7 · C Aloha turn
Somewhere Over the Rainbow (chords only) C · G · Am · F Island vamp

Right hand: island D–DU–UDU, then try split or rolling. Sing while you strum: Play along · Sing.

Public-domain doors (sing them)

TuneProgressionHear the harmony
Amazing Grace · Oh Susanna · This Land Is Your Land G · C · D Three-chord backbone · Ghar loop
Greensleeves (traditional) Am · G · Em · Am colour Am folk
Simple Gifts · many 3/4 hymns G · C · D in 3/4 Waltz

Melody and lyrics stay in the public-domain songbook or your memory — not on this page.

Famous titles (chords only)

RecognitionProgressionHear it
Knockin’ on Heaven’s Door · many campfire ballads G · D · Am · C G–Am–D is the nearby map; run G–D–Am–C on the G–C–D drill
House of the Rising Sun Am · C · D · F Drill 15 on this page
Wagon Wheel / four-chord campfire G · D · Em · C Four-chord song
Stand By Me colour G · Em · C · D 50s / ballad

Nepali / lok doors

Title (recognition)ProgressionHear it
Resham Firiri · many lok tunes G · C · D Ghar loop · Lok pulse
Sajha Pokhara colour · campfire Ghar G · C · D · G Ghar loop
Nepali pop once F is honest Am · F · C · G Am–F–C–G

We do not print those melodies. The right hand is the piece until the tune is already in your ear.

Practice note

How long: 10–12 minutes. Two on boom-chick, four on a change loop, two on Travis or walk-down, then one first-piece progression.

Listen for: the bass note landing exactly on the click, and every strum having the same weight. The bass should be a little louder than the strum — that contrast is the sound of the style.

Common mistake: stopping the right hand to make the chord change. The silence is more noticeable than a fuzzy chord. Keep strumming even if only two strings are fretted on beat 1.

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