The Upaniṣads / Īśāvāsya / 7 What delusion
7
यस्मिन् सर्वाणि भूतान्यात्मैवाभूद् विजानतः ।
तत्र को मोहः कः शोक एकत्वमनुपश्यतः yasmin sarvāṇi bhūtāny ātmaivābhūd vijānataḥ |
tatra ko mohaḥ kaḥ śoka ekatvam anupaśyataḥ
The line
When, for the one who knows, all beings have become just the self, what delusion is there, what grief, for the one who sees the oneness.
नेपालीमा
जान्नेका लागि सबै प्राणी केवल आत्मा भइसकेपछि एकत्व देख्नेलाई कुन मोह छ, कुन शोक छ।
Where it sits
Mantra 6 was the seeing. This mantra is the seeing become a fact, abhūt (अभूत्), and the two things that then have no place: moha (मोह) and śoka (शोक).
Split: yasmin (यस्मिन्) + sarvāṇi (सर्वाणि) + bhūtāni (भूतानि) + ātmā (आत्मा) + eva (एव) + abhūt (अभूत्) + vijānataḥ (विजानतः) + tatra (तत्र) + kaḥ (कः) + mohaḥ (मोहः) + kaḥ (कः) + śokaḥ (शोकः) + ekatvam (एकत्वम्) + anupaśyataḥ (अनुपश्यतः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| yasmin (यस्मिन्) | locative singular, masculine | In whom. In the one for whom. |
| sarvāṇi bhūtāni (सर्वाणि भूतानि) | accusative plural, neuter | All beings. Heard bhūtāny (भूतान्य्). |
| ātmā eva (आत्मा एव) | nominative singular, masculine, plus eva (एव) | The self itself. Heard ātmaiva (आत्मैव). |
| abhūt (अभूत्) | aorist, third person singular | Has become. From bhū (भू). Heard ābhūd (आभूद्) before vijānataḥ (विजानतः). |
| vijānataḥ (विजानतः) | genitive singular, masculine | Of one who knows. A present participle of vi-jñā (वि-ज्ञा). |
| tatra (तत्र) | indeclinable | There. |
| kaḥ (कः) | nominative singular, masculine | What. Which. |
| mohaḥ (मोहः) | nominative singular, masculine | Delusion. |
| kaḥ (कः) | nominative singular, masculine | What, again. |
| śokaḥ (शोकः) | nominative singular, masculine | Grief. Heard śoka (शोक) before ekatvam (एकत्वम्), the visarga dropped. |
| ekatvam (एकत्वम्) | accusative singular, neuter | Oneness. The object of the seeing. |
| anupaśyataḥ (अनुपश्यतः) | genitive singular, masculine | Of one who sees. Agrees with vijānataḥ (विजानतः) in office: the knower who sees. |
The phrases
In whom all beings have become the self itself, for the one who knows.
There, what delusion, what grief, for the one who sees oneness.
Sanskrit in this line
Bhūtāni (भूतानि) plus ātmā (आत्मा) is bhūtāny ātmā (भूतान्यात्मा). Ātmā (आत्मा) plus eva (एव) is ātmaiva (आत्मैव). Eva (एव) plus abhūt (अभूत्) is evābhūt (एवाभूत्).
Abhūt (अभूत्) before vijānataḥ (विजानतः) is abhūd (अभूद्). A final t (त्) before a voiced consonant is heard as d (द्).
Say it back
Say what has become the self, and name the two things the verse asks after.