The Upaniṣads / Īśāvāsya / 8 Bright, bodiless
8
स पर्यगाच् छुक्रमकायमव्रणमस्नाविरमपापविद्धम् ।
कविर् मनीषी परिभूः स्वयम्भूर् याथातथ्यतोऽर्थान् व्यदधाच् छाश्वतीभ्यः समाभ्यः sa paryagāc chukram akāyam avraṇam asnāviram apāpaviddham |
kavir manīṣī paribhūḥ svayambhūr yāthātathyato 'rthān vyadadhāc chāśvatībhyaḥ samābhyaḥ
The line
He has reached around it: bright, bodiless, unwounded, without sinews, untouched by evil. The seer, the thinker, the one who surrounds, the self-born, has distributed the aims as they really are, for the endless years.
नेपालीमा
त्यसले त्यसलाई घेरेर पुगेको छ, उज्यालो, देह नभएको, घाउ नलागेको, नसा नभएको, पापले नछोएको। द्रष्टा, चिन्तक, वरिपरि रहने, आफैँ जन्मेकोले अनन्त वर्षका लागि उद्देश्यहरू जस्ता छन् त्यस्तै बाँडेको छ।
Where it sits
The accusatives are what he encompassed. The nominatives kaviḥ (कविः) onward name him. This is the last mantra before the vidyā (विद्या) and avidyā (अविद्या) pair.
Split: saḥ (सः) + paryagāt (पर्यगात्) + śukram (शुक्रम्) + akāyam (अकायम्) + avraṇam (अव्रणम्) + asnāviram (अस्नाविरम्) + apāpaviddham (अपापविद्धम्) + kaviḥ (कविः) + manīṣī (मनीषी) + paribhūḥ (परिभूः) + svayambhūḥ (स्वयम्भूः) + yāthātathyataḥ (याथातथ्यतः) + arthān (अर्थान्) + vyadadhāt (व्यदधात्) + śāśvatībhyaḥ (शाश्वतीभ्यः) + samābhyaḥ (समाभ्यः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| saḥ (सः) | nominative singular, masculine | He. Heard sa (स) before paryagāt (पर्यगात्). |
| paryagāt (पर्यगात्) | aorist, third person singular | He has encompassed, gone all over. From pari-ag (परि-अग्). The root i (इ) or the aorist of going around. Heard paryagāc (पर्यगाच्) before śukram (शुक्रम्). |
| śukram (शुक्रम्) | accusative singular, neuter | The bright. Heard chukram (छुक्रम्) after c (च्). |
| akāyam (अकायम्) | accusative singular, neuter | Bodiless. |
| avraṇam (अव्रणम्) | accusative singular, neuter | Without a wound. |
| asnāviram (अस्नाविरम्) | accusative singular, neuter | Without sinews. |
| apāpaviddham (अपापविद्धम्) | accusative singular, neuter | Not pierced by evil. a-pāpa-viddha (अ-पाप-विद्ध). |
| kaviḥ (कविः) | nominative singular, masculine | The seer, the poet. |
| manīṣī (मनीषी) | nominative singular, masculine | The thinker. One who has manīṣā (मनीषा). |
| paribhūḥ (परिभूः) | nominative singular, masculine | The one who is around, who surrounds. |
| svayambhūḥ (स्वयम्भूः) | nominative singular, masculine | Self-born. Heard svayambhūr (स्वयम्भूर्) before yāthātathyataḥ (याथातथ्यतः). |
| yāthātathyataḥ (याथातथ्यतः) | indeclinable | According to how things are. yathā-tatha (यथा-तथ), as-it-is, made into an adverb. Heard yāthātathyato (याथातथ्यतो) before arthān (अर्थान्). |
| arthān (अर्थान्) | accusative plural, masculine | The aims, the things. The a (अ) drops: yāthātathyato 'rthān (याथातथ्यतोऽर्थान्). |
| vyadadhāt (व्यदधात्) | imperfect, third person singular | He arranged. From vi-dhā (वि-धा). Heard vyadadhāc (व्यदधाच्) before śāśvatībhyaḥ (शाश्वतीभ्यः). |
| śāśvatībhyaḥ (शाश्वतीभ्यः) | dative plural, feminine | For the endless ones. Years. Heard chāśvatībhyaḥ (छाश्वतीभ्यः) after c (च्). |
| samābhyaḥ (समाभ्यः) | dative plural, feminine | For the years. samā (समा), a year. In apposition with śāśvatībhyaḥ (शाश्वतीभ्यः). |
The phrases
He has encompassed the bright, the bodiless, the unwounded, the sinewless, the one not struck by evil.
Seer, thinker, surrounding, self-born, he has set the aims in their real order for the endless years.
Sanskrit in this line
Paryagāt (पर्यगात्) plus śukram (शुक्रम्). t (त्) plus ś (श्) is cch (च्छ्): paryagāc chukram (पर्यगाच् छुक्रम्). The same join makes vyadadhāc chāśvatībhyaḥ (व्यदधाच् छाश्वतीभ्यः).
Svayambhūḥ (स्वयम्भूः) before yāthātathyataḥ (याथातथ्यतः). A visarga before a voiced consonant, after ū (ऊ), is heard as r (र्): svayambhūr (स्वयम्भूर्).
Yāthātathyataḥ (याथातथ्यतः) plus arthān (अर्थान्) is yāthātathyato 'rthān (याथातथ्यतोऽर्थान्).
Say it back
List the accusatives, then the four nominatives that name him.