The Upaniṣads / Kaṭha / 3.12 He does not shine
3.12
एष सर्वेषु भूतेषु गूढोऽत्मा न प्रकाशते ।
दृष्यते त्वग्र्यया बुद्ध्या सूक्ष्मया सूक्ष्मदर्शिभिः eṣa sarveṣu bhūteṣu gūḍho 'tmā na prakāśate |
dṛṣyate tv agryayā buddhyā sūkṣmayā sūkṣmadarśibhiḥ
The line
This self, hidden in all beings, does not shine forth. He is seen by a pointed, subtle intellect, by those who see the subtle.
नेपालीमा
सबै प्राणीमा लुकेको यो आत्मा चम्किँदैन। सूक्ष्म देख्नेहरूले तीक्ष्ण सूक्ष्म बुद्धिले उसलाई देख्छन्।
Where it sits
The person of 3.11 is not on the surface. The means is the driver of the chariot, the intellect, made pointed. 3.13 is the verb of holding the team in.
Split: eṣaḥ (एषः) + sarveṣu bhūteṣu (सर्वेषु भूतेषु) + gūḍhaḥ ātmā (गूढः आत्मा) + na prakāśate (न प्रकाशते) + dṛṣyate tu (दृष्यते तु) + agryayā buddhyā (अग्र्यया बुद्ध्या) + sūkṣmayā (सूक्ष्मया) + sūkṣma-darśibhiḥ (सूक्ष्म-दर्शिभिः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| eṣaḥ (एषः) | nominative singular, masculine | This. Heard eṣa (एष). |
| sarveṣu bhūteṣu (सर्वेषु भूतेषु) | locative plural, neuter | In all beings. |
| gūḍhaḥ ātmā (गूढः आत्मा) | nominative singular, masculine | The self, hidden. Heard gūḍho 'tmā (गूढोऽत्मा). |
| na prakāśate (न प्रकाशते) | present, third person singular | He does not shine forth. |
| dṛṣyate tu (दृष्यते तु) | present, passive | But he is seen. |
| agryayā buddhyā (अग्र्यया बुद्ध्या) | instrumental singular, feminine | By a pointed intellect. |
| sūkṣmayā (सूक्ष्मया) | instrumental singular, feminine | By a subtle one. Agrees with buddhyā (बुद्ध्या). |
| sūkṣma-darśibhiḥ (सूक्ष्म-दर्शिभिः) | instrumental plural, masculine | By seers of the subtle. |
The phrases
Hidden, he does not shine. A pointed, subtle intellect sees him.
Sanskrit in this line
Gūḍhaḥ ātmā (गूढः आत्मा) is gūḍho 'tmā (गूढोऽत्मा).
Say it back
Say why he is missed, and by what he is seen.