The Upaniṣads / Kaṭha / 3.13 Rein them in
3.13
यच्छेद् वाङ्मनसी प्राज्ञस् तद् यच्छेज् ज्ञान आत्मनि ।
ज्ञानमात्मनि महति नियच्छेत् तद् यच्छेच् छान्त आत्मनि yacched vāṅmanasī prājñas tad yacchej jñāna ātmani |
jñānam ātmani mahati niyacchet tad yacchec chānta ātmani
The line
Let the wise one rein in speech and mind. Let him rein that into knowing, in the self. Let him hold knowing in the great self. Let him hold that in the quiet self.
नेपालीमा
ज्ञानीले वचन र मनलाई लगाम लगाओस्, र त्यसलाई आत्मामा ज्ञानमा लगाम लगाओस्। ज्ञानलाई महान् आत्मामा राखोस्, र त्यसलाई शान्त आत्मामा राखोस्।
Where it sits
The reins of 3.3 are this verb yam (यम्). Yoga Sūtra (सूत्र) 1.2 is nirodha (निरोध), a stilling in the same family of words: hold the activities in.
Split: yacchet (यच्छेत्) + vāk-manasī (वाक्-मनसी) + prājñaḥ (प्राज्ञः) + tat (तत्) + yacchet (यच्छेत्) + jñāne (ज्ञाने) + ātmani (आत्मनि) + jñānam (ज्ञानम्) + ātmani mahati (आत्मनि महति) + niyacchet (नियच्छेत्) + tat yacchet (तत् यच्छेत्) + śānte ātmani (शान्ते आत्मनि)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| yacchet (यच्छेत्) | optative, third person singular | He should rein in. From yam (यम्). Heard yacched (यच्छेद्) before vāc (वाच्). |
| vāk-manasī (वाक्-मनसी) | accusative dual | Speech and mind. Heard vāṅmanasī (वाङ्मनसी). |
| prājñaḥ (प्राज्ञः) | nominative singular, masculine | The wise one. Heard prājñas (प्राज्ञ) before tat (तत्). |
| tat (तत्) | accusative singular, neuter | That. Heard tad (तद्). |
| yacchet (यच्छेत्) | optative | He should rein in. Heard yacchej (यच्छेज्) before jñāna (ज्ञान). |
| jñāne (ज्ञाने) | locative singular, neuter | In knowing. This pāṭha (पाठ) joins it as jñāna (ज्ञान) before ātmani (आत्मनि). |
| ātmani (आत्मनि) | locative singular, masculine | In the self. |
| jñānam (ज्ञानम्) | accusative singular, neuter | Knowing. |
| ātmani mahati (आत्मनि महति) | locative singular, masculine | In the great self. The mahān ātmā (महानात्मा) of 3.10. |
| niyacchet (नियच्छेत्) | optative | He should hold down. From ni-yam (नि-यम्). |
| tat yacchet (तत् यच्छेत्) | that, he should hold | Heard tad yacchec (तद् यच्छेच्) before śānte (शान्ते). |
| śānte ātmani (शान्ते आत्मनि) | locative singular, masculine | In the quiet self. Heard chānta ātmani (छान्त आत्मनि) after c (च्). |
The phrases
A chain of holdings, up the ladder. Speech and mind, then knowing, then the great self, then the quiet self.
Sanskrit in this line
Yacchet (यच्छेत्) before a voiced sound is yacched (यच्छेद्). Before j (ज्) it is yacchej (यच्छेज्). Before ś (श्) it is yacchec ch (यच्छेच् छ्), because t (त्) plus ś (श्) is cch (च्छ्).
Say it back
Name the last place the holding reaches.