The Upaniṣads / Kaṭha / 3.4 The horses
3.4
इन्द्रियाणि हयानाहुर् विषयांस् तेषु गोचरान् ।
आत्मेन्द्रियमनोयुक्तं भोक्तेत्याहुर् मनीषिणः indriyāṇi hayān āhur viṣayāṃs teṣu gocarān |
ātmendriyamanoyuktaṃ bhoktety āhur manīṣiṇaḥ
The line
They say the senses are the horses, and the objects are the ranges among those horses. The thoughtful call the enjoyer the one yoked with self, senses, and mind.
नेपालीमा
इन्द्रियलाई घोडा भन्छन् र विषयलाई ती घोडाका चर्ने मैदान भन्छन्। विचारशीलहरू आत्मा, इन्द्रिय र मनसँग जोतिएकोलाई भोक्ता भन्छन्।
Where it sits
The team is complete. Yoga Sūtra (सूत्र) 2.54 is the senses taking the mind's form by not joining their objects: these horses not running the pastures. 1.2 is the stilling the driver is for. 3.5 and 3.6 are the bad team and the good one.
Split: indriyāṇi (इन्द्रियाणि) + hayān (हयान्) + āhuḥ (आहुः) + viṣayān (विषयान्) + teṣu (तेषु) + gocarān (गोचरान्) + ātma-indriya-mano-yuktam (आत्म-इन्द्रिय-मनो-युक्तम्) + bhoktā (भोक्ता) + iti (इति) + āhuḥ (आहुः) + manīṣiṇaḥ (मनीषिणः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| indriyāṇi (इन्द्रियाणि) | accusative plural, neuter | The senses. |
| hayān (हयान्) | accusative plural, masculine | Horses. |
| āhuḥ (आहुः) | perfect, third person plural | They say. |
| viṣayān (विषयान्) | accusative plural, masculine | The objects. Heard viṣayāṃs (विषयांस्) before teṣu (तेषु). |
| teṣu (तेषु) | locative plural, masculine | Among them. Among the horses. |
| gocarān (गोचरान्) | accusative plural, masculine | The ranges, the pastures. |
| ātma-indriya-mano-yuktam (आत्म-इन्द्रिय-मनो-युक्तम्) | accusative singular, masculine | Yoked with self, senses, and mind. Heard ātmendriyamanoyuktaṃ (आत्मेन्द्रियमनोयुक्तं). |
| bhoktā (भोक्ता) | nominative singular, masculine | The enjoyer. Heard bhoktā (भोक्ता) inside bhoktety (भोक्तेत्य्). |
| iti (इति) | indeclinable | They call him so. bhoktā iti (भोक्ता इति) is bhokteti (भोक्तेति). |
| āhuḥ (आहुः) | perfect, third person plural | They say. |
| manīṣiṇaḥ (मनीषिणः) | nominative plural, masculine | The thoughtful. |
The phrases
Senses are horses. Objects are the ground they range. The enjoyer is the one yoked to self, senses, and mind.
Sanskrit in this line
Viṣayān teṣu (विषयान् तेषु) is viṣayāṃs teṣu (विषयांस् तेषु). Before t (त्) the nasal is heard as s (स्). Bhoktā iti (भोक्ता इति) is bhokteti (भोक्तेति). Short ā (आ) plus short i (इ) is e (ए).
Say it back
Name the horses and the ground they run.