The Upaniṣads / Māṇḍūkya / 12 Without measure
12
अमात्रश् चतुर्थोऽव्यवहार्यः प्रपञ्चोपशमः शिवोऽद्वैत एवमोंकार आत्मैव ।
संविशत्यात्मनात्मानं य एवं वेद amātraś caturtho 'vyavahāryaḥ prapañcopaśamaḥ śivo 'dvaita evam oṃkāra ātmaiva |
saṃviśaty ātmanātmānaṃ ya evaṃ veda
The line
Without measure, the fourth, not for dealing, the quieting of the manifold, auspicious, without a second: thus the sound oṃ (ओं) is the self itself. He enters the self by the self, who knows thus.
नेपालीमा
मात्रा नभएको चौथो, व्यवहारका लागि होइन, अनेकको शान्ति, मङ्गल, अद्वितीय, यसरी ध्वनि ओं स्वयं आत्मा हो। यसरी जान्ने आत्माले आत्मामा पस्छ।
Where it sits
Mantra 7 considered the fourth and did not name it turīya (तुरीय). This mantra still says caturtha (चतुर्थ), and adds amātra (अमात्र). The three measures are done. The syllable of mantra 1 and the self of mantra 2 are one sentence here: oṃkāra ātmā eva (ओंकार आत्मा एव).
Split: amātraḥ (अमात्रः) + caturthaḥ (चतुर्थः) + avyavahāryaḥ (अव्यवहार्यः) + prapañca-upaśamaḥ (प्रपञ्च-उपशमः) + śivaḥ (शिवः) + advaitaḥ (अद्वैतः) + evam (एवम्) + oṃkāraḥ (ओंकारः) + ātmā (आत्मा) + eva (एव) + saṃviśati (संविशति) + ātmanā (आत्मना) + ātmānam (आत्मानम्) + yaḥ (यः) + evam (एवम्) + veda (वेद)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| amātraḥ (अमात्रः) | nominative singular, masculine | Without a measure. a (अ) plus mātrā (मात्रा). The part of oṃ (ओं) that is not a (अ), not u (उ), and not m (म्). Heard amātraś (अमात्रश्) before caturthaḥ (चतुर्थः). |
| caturthaḥ (चतुर्थः) | nominative singular, masculine | The fourth. The same word as mantra 7. Heard caturtho (चतुर्थो) before avyavahāryaḥ (अव्यवहार्यः). |
| avyavahāryaḥ (अव्यवहार्यः) | nominative singular, masculine | Not for ordinary dealing. Mantra 7 used the accusative avyavahāryam (अव्यवहार्यम्). The a (अ) drops: caturtho 'vyavahāryaḥ (चतुर्थोऽव्यवहार्यः). |
| prapañca-upaśamaḥ (प्रपञ्च-उपशमः) | nominative singular, masculine | The quieting of the manifold. Heard prapañcopaśamaḥ (प्रपञ्चोपशमः). |
| śivaḥ (शिवः) | nominative singular, masculine | Auspicious. Heard śivo (शिवो) before advaitaḥ (अद्वैतः). |
| advaitaḥ (अद्वैतः) | nominative singular, masculine | Without a second. The a (अ) drops: śivo 'dvaitaḥ (शिवोऽद्वैतः). In the recital the visarga is heard before evam (एवम्) as dropped or as o (ओ). The edition prints advaita evam (अद्वैत एवम्). |
| evam (एवम्) | indeclinable | Thus. In this way. |
| oṃkāraḥ (ओंकारः) | nominative singular, masculine | The sound oṃ (ओं). Heard oṃkāra (ओंकार) before ātmā (आत्मा), the visarga dropped. |
| ātmā (आत्मा) | nominative singular, masculine | The self. Joins eva (एव): ātmaiva (आत्मैव). |
| eva (एव) | indeclinable | Itself. |
| saṃviśati (संविशति) | present, third person singular | He enters. From sam (सम्) and the root viś (विश्). Heard saṃviśaty (संविशत्य्) before ātmanā (आत्मना). |
| ātmanā (आत्मना) | instrumental singular, masculine | By the self, with the self. |
| ātmānam (आत्मानम्) | accusative singular, masculine | The self. The object. He enters the self by the self. Heard ātmanātmānam (आत्मनात्मानम्). |
| yaḥ evam veda (यः एवम् वेद) | the closing | Who knows thus. This pāṭha (पाठ) says it once. A bhāṣya (भाष्य) printing says it twice. |
The phrases
The fourth is without measure. The same refusals of dealing, of the manifold, and of a second, now in the nominative.
Thus the sound oṃ (ओं) is the self itself. Who knows thus enters the self by the self.
Sanskrit in this line
Amātraḥ (अमात्रः) plus caturthaḥ (चतुर्थः) is amātraś caturthaḥ (अमात्रश् चतुर्थः). A visarga before c (च्) is heard as ś (श्).
Caturthaḥ (चतुर्थः) plus avyavahāryaḥ (अव्यवहार्यः) is caturtho 'vyavahāryaḥ (चतुर्थोऽव्यवहार्यः). Śivaḥ (शिवः) plus advaitaḥ (अद्वैतः) is śivo 'dvaitaḥ (शिवोऽद्वैतः).
Ātmā (आत्मा) plus eva (एव) is ātmaiva (आत्मैव). Short ā (आ) plus short e (ए) join as ai (ऐ) in ātmaiva (आत्मैव).
Saṃviśati (संविशति) plus ātmanā (आत्मना) is saṃviśaty ātmanā (संविशत्यात्मना). i (इ) before a vowel becomes y (य्). Ātmanā (आत्मना) plus ātmānam (आत्मानम्) is ātmanātmānam (आत्मनात्मानम्).
Say it back
Say the fourth's measure, which is none, and say who enters whom.