The Upaniṣads / Māṇḍūkya / 3 Waking
3
जागरितस्थानो बहिःप्रज्ञः सप्ताङ्ग एकोनविंशतिमुखः स्थूलभुग् वैश्वानरः प्रथमः पादः jāgaritasthāno bahiḥprajñaḥ saptāṅga ekonaviṃśatimukhaḥ sthūlabhug vaiśvānaraḥ prathamaḥ pādaḥ
The line
The first foot is vaiśvānara (वैश्वानर), whose place is the waking, who knows outwardly, who has seven limbs and nineteen mouths, and who enjoys the gross.
नेपालीमा
पहिलो पाउ वैश्वानर हो, जसको स्थान जागृत हो, जो बाहिरको कुरा जान्ने हो, जसका सात अङ्ग र उन्नाइस मुख छन्, र जो स्थूल भोग्छ।
Where it sits
The seven and the nineteen are not listed in the mantra. A later reading supplies them. This sitting does not invent the list. Mantra 9 will set this foot on the measure a (अ). The next mantra is the same shape, turned inward.
Split: jāgarita-sthānaḥ (जागरित-स्थानः) + bahiḥ-prajñaḥ (बहिः-प्रज्ञः) + sapta-aṅgaḥ (सप्त-अङ्गः) + ekonaviṃśati-mukhaḥ (एकोनविंशति-मुखः) + sthūla-bhuk (स्थूल-भुक्) + vaiśvānaraḥ (वैश्वानरः) + prathamaḥ (प्रथमः) + pādaḥ (पादः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| jāgarita-sthānaḥ (जागरित-स्थानः) | nominative singular, masculine | Whose place is the waking. jāgarita (जागरित), the waking state. sthāna (स्थान), a place. Heard jāgaritasthāno (जागरितस्थानो) before bahiḥ (बहिः). |
| bahiḥ-prajñaḥ (बहिः-प्रज्ञः) | nominative singular, masculine | Whose knowing is outward. bahis (बहि), outside. prajña (प्रज्ञ), knowing. |
| sapta-aṅgaḥ (सप्त-अङ्गः) | nominative singular, masculine | Having seven limbs. Heard saptāṅga (सप्ताङ्ग) before the next vowel. The mantra does not name the seven. |
| ekonaviṃśati-mukhaḥ (एकोनविंशति-मुखः) | nominative singular, masculine | Having nineteen mouths. ekona-viṃśati (एकोन-विंशति) is nineteen, one short of twenty. The mantra does not name the nineteen. |
| sthūla-bhuk (स्थूल-भुक्) | nominative singular, masculine | An enjoyer of the gross. sthūla (स्थूल), gross. bhuj (भुज्), one who enjoys. The nominative is bhuk (भुक्). |
| vaiśvānaraḥ (वैश्वानरः) | nominative singular, masculine | Vaiśvānara (वैश्वानर), the one common to all persons. The name of this foot. |
| prathamaḥ (प्रथमः) | nominative singular, masculine | The first. |
| pādaḥ (पादः) | nominative singular, masculine | A foot. Of the four promised in mantra 2. |
The phrases
The nominatives all agree. They describe one foot.
Waking, outward knowing, seven limbs, nineteen mouths, enjoying the gross. The name is vaiśvānara (वैश्वानर). It is the first foot.
Sanskrit in this line
Sthānaḥ (स्थानः) before bahiḥ (बहिः). A visarga after short a (अ), before a voiced consonant, is heard as o (ओ): sthāno bahiḥ (स्थानो बहिः).
Sapta (सप्त) plus aṅgaḥ (अङ्गः) is saptāṅgaḥ (सप्ताङ्गः). Short a (अ) plus short a (अ) is ā (आ). Before the vowel of ekona (एकोन) the visarga drops: saptāṅga ekonaviṃśati (सप्ताङ्ग एकोनविंशति).
Say it back
Name the foot, the place, and the direction of the knowing. Leave the seven and the nineteen unlisted, as the mantra does.