The Upaniṣads / Māṇḍūkya / 6 Lord of all
6
एष सर्वेश्वर एष सर्वज्ञ एषोऽन्तर्याम्येष योनिः सर्वस्य प्रभवाप्ययौ हि भूतानाम् eṣa sarveśvara eṣa sarvajña eṣo 'ntaryāmy eṣa yoniḥ sarvasya prabhavāpyayau hi bhūtānām
The line
This one is the lord of all, this one is the knower of all, this one is the inner guide, this one is the source of all, for he is the arising and the passing away of beings.
नेपालीमा
यो सबको स्वामी हो, यो सबको ज्ञाता हो, यो भित्री मार्गदर्शक हो, यो सबको स्रोत हो, किनकि ऊ प्राणीहरूको उत्पत्ति र नाश हो।
Where it sits
The eṣaḥ (एषः) is the prājña (प्राज्ञ) just named. The mantra adds what that sleeper is when the sleep is read as the source, not only as a lapse of dream. The fourth foot, in the next mantra, is not this lord. It refuses even prajñāna-ghana (प्रज्ञान-घन).
Split: eṣaḥ (एषः) + sarva-īśvaraḥ (सर्व-ईश्वरः) + eṣaḥ (एषः) + sarva-jñaḥ (सर्व-ज्ञः) + eṣaḥ (एषः) + antaryāmī (अन्तर्यामी) + eṣaḥ (एषः) + yoniḥ (योनिः) + sarvasya (सर्वस्य) + prabhava-apyayau (प्रभव-अप्ययौ) + hi (हि) + bhūtānām (भूतानाम्)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| eṣaḥ (एषः) | nominative singular, masculine | This one. The prājña (प्राज्ञ) of mantra 5. The mantra does not rename him. Anuvṛtti (अनुवृत्ति). Heard eṣa (एष) before sarva (सर्व). |
| sarva-īśvaraḥ (सर्व-ईश्वरः) | nominative singular, masculine | Lord of all. īśvara (ईश्वर), lord. Heard sarveśvara (सर्वेश्वर) , the visarga of eṣaḥ (एषः) already dropped, and a (अ) plus ī (ई) is e (ए). |
| eṣaḥ (एषः) | nominative singular, masculine | This one, again. |
| sarva-jñaḥ (सर्व-ज्ञः) | nominative singular, masculine | The knower of all. jña (ज्ञ), one who knows. |
| eṣaḥ (एषः) | nominative singular, masculine | This one. Heard eṣo (एषो) before antaryāmī (अन्तर्यामी). |
| antaryāmī (अन्तर्यामी) | nominative singular, masculine | The inner guide. antar (अन्तर्), inside. yāmin (यामिन्), one who guides. The a (अ) drops: eṣo 'ntaryāmī (एषोऽन्तर्यामी). |
| eṣaḥ (एषः) | nominative singular, masculine | This one. |
| yoniḥ (योनिः) | nominative singular, feminine | The womb, the source. Predicate of eṣaḥ (एषः). |
| sarvasya (सर्वस्य) | genitive singular, neuter | Of all. |
| prabhava-apyayau (प्रभव-अप्ययौ) | nominative dual, masculine | The arising and the passing away. prabhava (प्रभव), coming forth. apyaya (अप्यय), going back in. The dual names the pair. Heard prabhavāpyayau (प्रभवाप्ययौ): a (अ) plus a (अ) is ā (आ). |
| hi (हि) | indeclinable | Because, indeed. It gives the reason he is called the source. |
| bhūtānām (भूतानाम्) | genitive plural, neuter | Of beings. |
The phrases
Four predicates of the same eṣaḥ (एषः). Lord of all. Knower of all. The inner guide. The source of all.
Hi (हि) says why the source: he is the arising and the passing away of beings.
Sanskrit in this line
A visarga after short a (अ) drops before s (स्) in this recital: eṣa sarveśvara (एष सर्वेश्वर), eṣa sarvajña (एष सर्वज्ञ), eṣa yoniḥ (एष योनिः).
Eṣaḥ (एषः) plus antaryāmī (अन्तर्यामी) is eṣo 'ntaryāmī (एषोऽन्तर्यामी). Before a vowel the visarga becomes o (ओ) and the a (अ) drops.
Sarva (सर्व) plus īśvara (ईश्वर) is sarveśvara (सर्वेश्वर). Short a (अ) plus ī (ई) is e (ए). Sarva (सर्व) plus jña (ज्ञ) stays sarvajña (सर्वज्ञ): jña (ज्ञ) begins with a consonant, so the a (अ) of sarva (सर्व) does not join a vowel.
Say it back
Point at each eṣa (एष) and say the predicate that follows it.