The Upaniṣads / Māṇḍūkya / 5 Deep sleep
5
यत्र सुप्तो न कञ्चन कामं कामयते न कञ्चन स्वप्नं पश्यति तत् सुषुप्तम् ।
सुषुप्तस्थान एकीभूतः प्रज्ञानघन एवानन्दमयो ह्यानन्दभुक् चेतोमुखः प्राज्ञस् तृतीयः पादः yatra supto na kañcana kāmaṃ kāmayate na kañcana svapnaṃ paśyati tat suṣuptam |
suṣuptasthāna ekībhūtaḥ prajñānaghana evānandamayo hy ānandabhuk cetomukhaḥ prājñas tṛtīyaḥ pādaḥ
The line
Where one asleep desires nothing and sees no dream, that is deep sleep. The third foot is prājña (प्राज्ञ), whose place is that sleep: become one, a mass of knowing, made of bliss, an enjoyer of bliss, with awareness as his mouth.
नेपालीमा
सुतेकोले केही चाहँदैन र कुनै सपना देख्दैन भने त्यो गहिरो निद्रा हो। तेस्रो पाउ प्राज्ञ हो, जसको स्थान त्यो निद्रा हो, एक भएको, ज्ञानको पुञ्ज, आनन्दले बनेको, आनन्द भोग्ने, बोध मुख भएको।
Where it sits
Waking enjoyed the gross. Dream enjoyed what was set apart. Sleep enjoys bliss, and the differences have become one mass. Mantra 6 stays with this prājña (प्राज्ञ) and says what he is lord of. Mantra 11 will set him on the measure m (म्).
Split: yatra (यत्र) + suptaḥ (सुप्तः) + na (न) + kañcana (कञ्चन) + kāmam (कामम्) + kāmayate (कामयते) + na (न) + kañcana (कञ्चन) + svapnam (स्वप्नम्) + paśyati (पश्यति) + tat (तत्) + suṣuptam (सुषुप्तम्) + suṣupta-sthānaḥ (सुषुप्त-स्थानः) + ekībhūtaḥ (एकीभूतः) + prajñāna-ghanaḥ (प्रज्ञान-घनः) + eva (एव) + ānanda-mayaḥ (आनन्द-मयः) + hi (हि) + ānanda-bhuk (आनन्द-भुक्) + ceto-mukhaḥ (चेतो-मुखः) + prājñaḥ (प्राज्ञः) + tṛtīyaḥ (तृतीयः) + pādaḥ (पादः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| yatra (यत्र) | indeclinable | Where. In the place about to be named. |
| suptaḥ (सुप्तः) | nominative singular, masculine | A person asleep. Heard supto (सुप्तो) before na (न). |
| na (न) | indeclinable | Not. |
| kañcana (कञ्चन) | indeclinable | Any at all. With na (न), not any. |
| kāmam (कामम्) | accusative singular, masculine | A desire. The object of kāmayate (कामयते). |
| kāmayate (कामयते) | present, third person singular, ātmanepada (आत्मनेपद) | Desires. From the root kam (कम्). |
| na (न) kañcana (कञ्चन) | indeclinable | Not any, again. |
| svapnam (स्वप्नम्) | accusative singular, masculine | A dream. The object of paśyati (पश्यति). |
| paśyati (पश्यति) | present, third person singular | Sees. From the root dṛś (दृश्). |
| tat (तत्) | nominative singular, neuter | That. Heard tat (तत्) before suṣuptam (सुषुप्तम्). |
| suṣuptam (सुषुप्तम्) | nominative singular, neuter | Deep sleep. The name of that place. |
| suṣupta-sthānaḥ (सुषुप्त-स्थानः) | nominative singular, masculine | Whose place is deep sleep. Heard suṣuptasthāna (सुषुप्तस्थान) before the vowel of ekībhūtaḥ (एकीभूतः). |
| ekībhūtaḥ (एकीभूतः) | nominative singular, masculine | Become one. ekī-bhūta (एकी-भूत), made into one. Heard ekībhūtaḥ (एकीभूतः). |
| prajñāna-ghanaḥ (प्रज्ञान-घनः) | nominative singular, masculine | A mass of knowing. prajñāna (प्रज्ञान), knowing. ghana (घन), a solid mass. Heard ghana (घन) before eva (एव), the visarga dropped. |
| eva (एव) | indeclinable | Just that. Nothing besides the mass. |
| ānanda-mayaḥ (आनन्द-मयः) | nominative singular, masculine | Made of bliss. Heard ānandamayo (आनन्दमयो) before hi (हि). |
| hi (हि) | indeclinable | Indeed. |
| ānanda-bhuk (आनन्द-भुक्) | nominative singular, masculine | An enjoyer of bliss. Beside sthūla-bhuk (स्थूल-भुक्) and pravivikta-bhuk (प्रविविक्त-भुक्). |
| ceto-mukhaḥ (चेतो-मुखः) | nominative singular, masculine | Whose mouth is awareness. cetas (चेत), awareness. mukha (मुख), mouth, the opening. |
| prājñaḥ (प्राज्ञः) | nominative singular, masculine | Prājña (प्राज्ञ), the knowing one. The name of this foot. Heard prājñas (प्राज्ञ) before tṛtīyaḥ (तृतीयः), the visarga becoming s (स्) before t (त्). |
| tṛtīyaḥ (तृतीयः) | nominative singular, masculine | The third. |
| pādaḥ (पादः) | nominative singular, masculine | A foot. |
The phrases
The first sentence defines the place. Where a sleeper desires no desire and sees no dream, that is deep sleep.
The second sentence names the foot who has that place. Become one, a mass of knowing, made of bliss, enjoying bliss, awareness for a mouth. The name is prājña (प्राज्ञ). The third foot.
Sanskrit in this line
Suptaḥ (सुप्तः) before na (न) is supto (सुप्तो). A visarga after short a (अ), before a voiced consonant, is heard as o (ओ).
Prajñānaghanaḥ (प्रज्ञानघनः) plus eva (एव). The visarga drops before the vowel, and the words join in the recital: prajñānaghana eva (प्रज्ञानघन एव). Eva (एव) plus ānanda (आनन्द) is evānanda (एवानन्द).
Prājñaḥ (प्राज्ञः) before tṛtīyaḥ (तृतीयः). A visarga before t (त्) is heard as s (स्): prājñas tṛtīyaḥ (प्राज्ञस् तृतीयः).
Say it back
Say what is absent in this place, and say the name of the foot.