32
Sāṅkhya Kārikā / Verses 22–55, the world / 32
करणं त्रयोदशविधम् तदाहरणधारणप्रकाशकरम् कार्यं च तस्य दशधाहार्यं धार्यं प्रकाश्यं च
karaṇaṃ trayodaśavidham tadāharaṇadhāraṇaprakāśakaram kāryaṃ ca tasya daśadhāhāryaṃ dhāryaṃ prakāśyaṃ ca
The line
The instrument is of thirteen kinds, and it seizes, holds, and lights. Its object is tenfold: the to-be-seized, the to-be-held, and the to-be-lit.
नेपालीमा
करण तेह्र प्रकारको हुन्छ, र त्यो लिन्छ, थाम्छ र प्रकाश गर्छ। त्यसको विषय दस प्रकारको हुन्छ: लिनुपर्ने, थाम्नुपर्ने र प्रकाश गर्नुपर्ने।
Where it sits
Verse 33 divides the thirteen into inner and outer, and says which of them can reach past, present, and future.
Split: karaṇam (करणम्) + trayodaśa-vidham (त्रयोदश-विधम्) + tat (तत्) + āharaṇa-dhāraṇa-prakāśa-karam (आहरण-धारण-प्रकाश-करम्) + kāryam (कार्यम्) + ca (च) + tasya (तस्य) + daśadhā (दशधा) + āhāryam (आहार्यम्) + dhāryam (धार्यम्) + prakāśyam (प्रकाश्यम्) + ca (च)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| karaṇam (करणम्) | nominative singular, neuter | the instrument. The whole inner and outer set. |
| trayodaśa-vidham (त्रयोदश-विधम्) | nominative singular, neuter | thirteenfold. Intellect, I-maker, mind, and ten senses. |
| āharaṇa-dhāraṇa-prakāśa-karam (आहरण-धारण-प्रकाश-करम्) | nominative singular, neuter | making a seizing, a holding, and an illuminating. -kara (-कर) is 'making.' |
| kāryam (कार्यम्) | nominative singular, neuter | the effect, the object side. |
| tasya (तस्य) | genitive singular | of that instrument. |
| daśadhā (दशधा) | indeclinable | tenfold. The ten senses' objects, or the tenfold character of what is handled. |
| āhāryam (आहार्यम्) | nominative singular, neuter | what is to be seized. |
| dhāryam (धार्यम्) | nominative singular, neuter | what is to be held. |
| prakāśyam (प्रकाश्यम्) | nominative singular, neuter | what is to be illuminated. |
The phrases
Thirteen on the instrument side, matching verses 26 and 27 plus intellect and the I-maker. Ten on the object side, the five objects each known and acted on, or simply the field the ten senses take. The verse's daśadhā (दशधा) is the object's being tenfold.
Three verbs cover every organ. Something is grasped, something is kept, something is lit. Intellect illuminates. The senses seize. Mind and the I-maker hold the claim.
Sanskrit in this line
-ya (-य) on āhārya (आहार्य), dhārya (धार्य), prakāśya (प्रकाश्य) is the gerundive, 'what is to be done.' It is the same suffix family as kārya (कार्य), the effect, 'what is to be made.'
Say it back
Count to thirteen aloud by groups: three inner, five knowing, five acting.