50
Sāṅkhya Kārikā / Verses 22–55, the world / 50
आध्यात्मिक्यश् चतस्रः प्रकृत्युपादानकालभाग्याख्याः बाह्या विषयोपरमाच् च पञ्च नव तुष्टयोऽभिहिताः
ādhyātmikyaś catasraḥ prakṛtyupādānakālabhāgyākhyāḥ bāhyā viṣayoparamāc ca pañca nava tuṣṭayo 'bhihitāḥ
The line
Four inner contentments are declared, called nature, means, time, and luck, and five outer ones from turning back from the objects. Nine contentments are named.
नेपालीमा
भित्री सन्तोष चार छन्, प्रकृति, साधन, समय र भाग्य भनिने, र बाहिरी पाँच विषयबाट फर्किएका छन्। नौ सन्तोष नामाइन्छन्।
Where it sits
Success, verse 51, is what these contentments stop short of. A contentment is intellect satisfied. A success is intellect arrived.
Split: ādhyātmikyaḥ (आध्यात्मिक्यः) + catasraḥ (चतस्रः) + prakṛti-upādāna-kāla-bhāgya-ākhyāḥ (प्रकृति-उपादान-काल-भाग्य-आख्याः) + bāhyāḥ (बाह्याः) + viṣaya-uparamāt (विषय-उपरमात्) + ca (च) + pañca (पञ्च) + nava (नव) + tuṣṭayaḥ (तुष्टयः) + abhihitāḥ (अभिहिताः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| ādhyātmikyaḥ (आध्यात्मिक्यः) | nominative plural, feminine | the inner ones, belonging to the self. |
| catasraḥ (चतस्रः) | nominative plural, feminine | four. The feminine of catur (चतुर्). |
| prakṛti-upādāna-kāla-bhāgya-ākhyāḥ (प्रकृति-उपादान-काल-भाग्य-आख्याः) | nominative plural, feminine | called nature, the material means, time, and luck. Four ways of thinking release will just happen: because nature does it, because some means will turn up, because the time will come, because it is fated. |
| bāhyāḥ (बाह्याः) | nominative plural, feminine | the outer ones. |
| viṣaya-uparamāt (विषय-उपरमात्) | ablative | from ceasing toward the objects. Turning away from the five sense objects. |
| pañca (पञ्च) | nominative | five. |
| nava tuṣṭayaḥ (नव तुष्टयः) | nominative plural, feminine | nine contentments. |
| abhihitāḥ (अभिहिताः) | nominative plural, feminine | declared, named. |
The phrases
The four inner contentments are a refusal of effort. Nature, means, time, or luck will liberate me. The verse lists them as contentments because they feel like peace. They are not knowledge. They are tuṣṭi (तुष्टि), being pleased too soon.
The five outer ones are real detachment from the five objects. That is closer to vairāgya (वैराग्य), and verse 45 already said where dispassion without knowledge goes.
Sanskrit in this line
catasraḥ (चतस्रः) is feminine because tuṣṭi (तुष्टि) is feminine. Numbers agree in gender. abhihitāḥ (अभिहिताः) is the participle 'have been named.'
Say it back
Name the four inner contentments. They are the excuses.