Lesson 3: Verb Plural
Index · Lesson 2: To Go · Lesson 4: Feminine Singular
Lesson 2 was one person: I, you, he or she. This lesson is more than one. The verb endings change. The noun endings from Lesson 1 stay singular, so these sentences do not yet say “students.” They say “we go” and “we are here.” “The students” is Lesson 7: Masculine Plural.
School calls these verb endings बहुवचन (bahu bachan). The noun is still एकवचन (ek bachan), one. Two, द्विवचन (dui bachan), is Lesson 20: The Dual.
अत्र means “here.” तत्र means “there.”
“To be”
| Plural | Nepali | |
|---|---|---|
| वयम्, we | स्मः | हौं |
| यूयम्, you all, the तिमीहरू level | स्थ | हौ |
| ते / ताः / तानि, they | सन्ति | हुन् |
| भवन्तः / भवत्यः, you all, the तपाईंहरू level | सन्ति | हुनुहुन्छ |
ते is “they” for men. ताः is “they” for women. तानि is “they” for neuter things. All three take सन्ति.
| Sentence | Meaning |
|---|---|
| वयम् अत्र स्मः। | We are here. हामी यहाँ हौं। |
| यूयं तत्र स्थ। | You all are there, said to friends. तिमीहरू त्यहाँ हौ। |
| ते अत्र सन्ति। | They are here. उनीहरू यहाँ हुन्। |
| भवन्तः कुत्र सन्ति। | Where are you all? Said to men at the तपाईं level, including teachers. तपाईंहरू कहाँ हुनुहुन्छ? |
“To go” and “to study”
The persons are the same. Only the ending on गच्छ and पठ changes.
| Go | Study | Nepali, for “go” | |
|---|---|---|---|
| वयम् | गच्छामः, “we go” | पठामः, “we study” | जान्छौं |
| यूयम् | गच्छथ, “you all go” | पठथ, “you all study” | जान्छौ |
| ते / ताः / तानि | गच्छन्ति, “they go” | पठन्ति, “they study” | जान्छन् |
| भवन्तः / भवत्यः | गच्छन्ति | पठन्ति | जानुहुन्छ |
| Sentence | Meaning |
|---|---|
| वयं गृहं गच्छामः। | We go home. हामी घर जान्छौं। |
| यूयं नगरं गच्छथ। | You all go to the city, said to friends. तिमीहरू सहर जान्छौ। |
| ते पठन्ति। | They study. उनीहरू पढ्छन्। |
| भवन्तः कुत्र गच्छन्ति। | Where are you all going? Said to men you call तपाईं. तपाईंहरू कहाँ जानुहुन्छ? |
Practice
- Say where your group is. Here: वयम् अत्र स्मः। There: वयं तत्र स्मः। अत्र starts with a vowel, so म् stays. तत्र starts with a consonant, so म् is written ं.
- Say that they study, with ते पठन्ति।
- Ask teachers where they are going, with भवन्तः कुत्र गच्छन्ति।
Next
Lesson 4: Feminine Singular is the case column for छात्रा, a woman student.