Lesson 4: Feminine Singular
Index · Lesson 3: Verb Plural · Lesson 5: Neuter Singular
Lesson 1 gave the endings for छात्र, a man. This lesson is the same eight jobs for छात्रा, a woman. The number is still एकवचन, one. The verb does not change: पठति still means “she studies” when the subject is छात्रा.
Cases: feminine singular
| Case | Ending | Form | A whole sentence | Explanation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | -आ | छात्रा | छात्रा पठति। | विद्यार्थी पढ्छिन्। “The woman student studies.” There are no two dots. The two dots on छात्राः mean more than one student, not a woman. |
| Object | -आम् | छात्राम् | गुरुः छात्रां पश्यति। | गुरुले विद्यार्थीलाई हेर्नुहुन्छ। “The teacher sees the woman student.” |
| With, by | -अया | छात्रया | गुरुः छात्रया सह पठति। | गुरु उनीसँग पढ्नुहुन्छ। “The teacher studies with her.” |
| For | -आयै | छात्रायै | इदं पुस्तकं छात्रायै अस्ति। | यो पुस्तक उनका लागि हो। “This book is for her.” |
| From | -आयाः | छात्रायाः | अहं छात्रायाः शृणोमि। | म उनीबाट सुन्छु। “I hear from her.” This same form is also “of her,” in the next row. |
| Of | -आयाः | छात्रायाः | इदं छात्रायाः पुस्तकम् अस्ति। | यो उनको पुस्तक हो। “This is her book.” |
| In, at | -आयाम् | छात्रायाम् | छात्रायां ज्ञानम् अस्ति। | उनीमा ज्ञान छ। “Knowledge is in her.” |
| Calling | हे छात्रे | हे छात्रे | हे छात्रे। | ए विद्यार्थी। The calling form ends in ए, not in आ। |
From and of are the same word, छात्रायाः. The rest of the sentence shows which job it has. अहं छात्रायाः शृणोमि is “from.” इदं छात्रायाः पुस्तकम् is “of.”
Practice
- Say छात्रा पठति, “she studies.”
- Say that the book is hers: इदं छात्रायाः पुस्तकम् अस्ति।
- Call her: हे छात्रे।
Next
Lesson 5: Neuter Singular is the neuter column, with पुस्तकम्, “book.”