Sanskrit

Questions stay in the Learn Sanskrit chat. A clarifying question is written back into the lesson it belongs to. The grammar is classical Sanskrit, written from memory in that chat. The public check is Whitney, Sanskrit Grammar. Word meanings can be checked in the Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries.

Page	What it covers
Introduction	How the book works, pronunciation, and phrases to say whole.
Lesson 1: Cases and To Be	Cases of छात्र, the school names for those cases, then “to be.”
Lesson 2: To Go	“To go,” using the persons and the object ending from Lesson 1.
Lesson 3: Verb Plural	“We,” “you all,” and “they.”
Lesson 4: Feminine Singular	The case column for छात्रा.
Lesson 5: Neuter Singular	The neuter column, with पुस्तकम्.
Lesson 6: Who and What	कः, का, किम्.
Lesson 7: Masculine Plural	More than two men, बहुवचन: छात्राः.
Lesson 8: Feminine Plural	More than one woman.
Lesson 9: Neuter Plural	More than one book: पुस्तकानि.
Lesson 10: I and You	The other jobs of अहम् and त्वम्.
Lesson 11: We and You All	The other jobs of वयम् and यूयम्.
Lesson 12: He, She, and That	The other jobs of सः, सा, and तत्.
Lesson 13: Those	“Them” and “those.”
Lesson 14: Adjectives	नवीनः, “new,” matching the noun.
Lesson 15: Eat, Drink, and Write	Three verbs with the endings of पठति.
Lesson 16: To Hear	शृणोमि and the rest of श्रु.
Lesson 17: Gone and Studied	गतः, पठितः, लिखितः, खादितः.
Lesson 18: The Past	“Went,” “studied,” and “was.”
Lesson 19: Commands	“Go,” “come,” and “please study.”
Lesson 20: The Dual	Two men, द्विवचन.
Lesson 21: Two Women, Two Books	The subject form for two women and two things.
Lesson 22: Joining Words	The refuge line, and सः before the next word.
Lesson 23: The Future	“I will go” and “I will be.”
Lesson 24: Numbers	One through ten, and first through seventh.
Lesson 25: The Teacher's Endings	गुरुः in all eight jobs. Nouns ending in उ.
Lesson 26: Fire	अग्निः. Masculine nouns ending in इ.
Lesson 27: The River	नदी. Nouns ending in ई.
Lesson 28: Thought and Night	बुद्धिः and रात्रिः. Feminine nouns ending in इ.
Lesson 29: Mother and Father	पिता, माता, भ्राता. Nouns ending in ऋ.
Lesson 30: Small Words	And, or, not, if, and the short word मे.
Lesson 31: Numbers in Every Case	एक through दश in the jobs that are not only the subject.
Word list	A lookup. Each word names the column whose endings it takes. Not a lesson to memorize in order.
Lesson 32: He Becomes	भवति. To become, in the पठति class.
Lesson 33: He Does	करोति. Say the whole present. It is not the पठति column.
Lesson 34: He Gives	ददाति. To give, said whole.
Lesson 35: He Takes	गृह्णाति. To take, said whole.
Lesson 36: He Knows	जानाति. To know, said on the गृह्णाति pattern.
Lesson 37: He Wants	इच्छति. To want.
Lesson 38: He Stands	तिष्ठति. To stand.
Lesson 39: He Says	वदति, and ब्रवीति said whole.
Lesson 40: The Middle	लभते. Endings for a verb that is said of itself.
Lesson 41: It Is Done	पठ्यते. The passive.
Lesson 42: While Reading	पठन्. The present participle.
Lesson 43: Having Gone	गत्वा and पठित्वा. The absolutive.
Lesson 44: In Order to Read	पठितुम्. The infinitive.
Lesson 45: Ought to Be Done	कर्तव्यः. The gerundive.
Lesson 46: He Might Read	पठेत्. The optative.
Lesson 47: Do Not Go	मा स्म गच्छ. The classical prohibition.
Lesson 48: He Causes	पाठयति. The causative.
Lesson 49: Those Verbs in the Past	अकरोत्, अददात्, and अभवत्.
Lesson 50: Two Teachers	The dual of गुरुः.
Lesson 51: Two Fires	The dual of अग्निः.
Lesson 52: Two Rivers	The dual of नदी.
Lesson 53: Two Fathers	The dual of पितृ.
Lesson 54: This	इदम् in the other jobs.
Lesson 55: This One Here	एषः, एषा, and एतत्.
Lesson 56: The One Who	यः, या, यत्, answered by सः.
Lesson 57: All	सर्वः, and सर्वस्मिन्.
Lesson 58: Another	अन्यः. The सर्व column.
Lesson 59: One's Own	स्वः. His own, her own, my own.
Lesson 60: Your Honor	भवान् and भवती. The तपाईं level.
Lesson 61: The Friend	सखा. Not the गुरु column.
Lesson 62: The Husband	पतिः. Not the अग्नि column.
Lesson 63: The Cow	गौः, गाम्, and गवि.
Lesson 64: The Deed	कर्म. A neuter noun ending in न्.
Lesson 65: The Name	नाम. The कर्म column.
Lesson 66: The King	राजा and राज्ञः.
Lesson 67: The Self	आत्मा. The king’s column, for oneself.
Lesson 68: The Mind	मनः. A neuter noun ending in स्.
Lesson 69: Speech	वाक्. A feminine noun ending in च्.
Lesson 70: The Direction	दिक् and दिशि.
Lesson 71: The Bride	वधूः. A woman ending in ऊ.
Lesson 72: Eleven through Nineteen	एकादश through नवदश.
Lesson 73: Twenty through a Hundred	विंशतिः and शतम्.
Lesson 74: Smaller and Smallest	लघुतरः and लघुतमः.
Lesson 75: The Pair	A dvandva. मातापितरौ and रामलक्ष्मणौ.
Lesson 76: The King's Son	A tatpuruṣa. राजपुत्रः.
Lesson 77: A Blue Lotus	A karmadhāraya. नीलोत्पलम्.
Lesson 78: Yellow-Clad	A bahuvrīhi. पीताम्बरः.
Lesson 79: Day by Day	प्रतिदिनम्. An indeclinable compound.
Lesson 80: The State of a Thing	-ता and -त्व. Abstract nouns.
Lesson 81: Having Wealth	धनवान्. The suffix -वत्.
Lesson 82: By Hand, With the Teacher	Three uses of the with-form.
Lesson 83: For the Teacher	The for-form, and नमः.
Lesson 84: Than the Teacher	The from-form used as “than.”
Lesson 85: When the Sun Has Set	The locative absolute.
Lesson 86: He Says This	इति closes a quote.
Lesson 87: Whoever Reads	यः and सः in a full sentence.
Lesson 88: If He Should Read	यदि with the optative.
Lesson 89: A Prefix on the Verb	आ, प्र, सम्, and निस् on गम्.
Lesson 90: He Can	शक्नोति with the infinitive.
Lesson 91: Having Eaten, He Goes	Two absolutives, then the main verb.
Lesson 92: He Has the Student Read	The causative with two objects.
Lesson 93: Vowels That Meet	Vowel joining, recognized. The words stay written apart.
Lesson 94: The Visarga in Speech	सो and गुरुर्, still written सः and गुरुः.
Lesson 95: Eight Syllables	One quarter of a śloka, counted.
Lesson 96: A Morning	A short reading, from morning to night.
Lesson 97: A Letter	बिकास writes to the teacher.
Lesson 98: One Paragraph	Six sentences, one paragraph.
Lesson 99: What the Endings Do	The eight jobs in one story.
Lesson 100: What You Can Read	The path just finished, and what still waits.
Lesson 101: The Joined Quarter	Vowels in a printed quarter, and the avagraha.
Lesson 102: The Visarga in the Quarter	र्, ओ, and स् where a verse hides the visarga.
Lesson 103: Consonants That Meet	न् before त्, and त् before ज् or श्.
Lesson 104: From the End	A compound read from its last member.
Lesson 105: Short Words in the Verse	हि, तु, त्वा, क्व, and चेत्.
Lesson 106: The Prefix अ	अकर्म and अज्ञानम्.
Lesson 107: Having Left	The absolutive in -य when the verb has a prefix.
Lesson 108: He Obtains	आप्नोति, प्राप्नोति, and अवाप्नोति.
Lesson 109: Say, and Know	ब्रूहि and विद्धि.
Lesson 110: He Said	उवाच, आह, and बभूव.
Lesson 111: I Shall Release	The causative in the future.
Lesson 112: Do Not Grieve	मा शुचः and मा भूः.
Lesson 113: Wanting to Know	जिज्ञासा and मुमुक्षुः.
Lesson 114: To Be Known	ज्ञेयम्, कार्यम्, and करणीयम्.
Lesson 115: Eight and Eleven	A heavy syllable, and a quarter of eleven.
Lesson 116: Three Ślokas	Three lines, with the joins opened.
Word sets	Groups to learn together: days, months, seasons, the body, and the rest. Not a lesson.
Days	The seven days. रविवारः is Sunday.
Months	The twelve months, from वैशाख.
Seasons	The six seasons, and which months sit in each.
Times of Day	Morning, noon, evening, night, yesterday, tomorrow.
The Body	Hand, eye, head, and the rest.
Family	Mother, father, sister, uncle, and the rest.
Colors	White, black, red, and the rest.
Food	Rice, water, milk, and the tastes.
Animals	Horse, cow, dog, bird, and the rest.
The House	Door, room, bed, lamp, kitchen.
Directions	East, west, north, south, left, and right.
Weather	Rain, cloud, wind, cold, and heat.
Clothes	Cloth, shoes, and a garland.
Plants	Tree, leaf, root, seed, and thorn.
Qualities	Glad, sad, hungry, tired, small, dear.
Work	Farmer, doctor, singer, king.
Birds	Crow, peacock, parrot, cuckoo.
Insects	Bee, ant, mosquito, fly.
Fruits	Mango, banana, jackfruit, bael.
Vegetables	Greens, radish, eggplant, gourd.
Grains	Raw rice, wheat, barley, mung.
Spices	Turmeric, cumin, ginger, pepper.
Festivals	Dashain, Tihar, Holi, Indra Jatra.
Gods	Shiva, Vishnu, Pashupati, Durga.
Celestial Bodies	Sun, moon, planets, stars.
Land and Places	Nepal, the Bagmati, the Himalaya, Lumbini.
History	King, war, inscription, Ashoka.
More Relatives	Grandfather, mother-in-law, sister’s son.
Music	Veena, drum, flute, song.
Things in the House	Clock, key, book, pen.
Worship	Lamp, bell, offering. The recited lines stay on the chants page.
Travel	Road, guest, boat, bridge.
Health	Fever, medicine, hunger.
Materials	Gold, iron, wood, stone.
Flowers	Lotus, jasmine, champak.
Buildings	Temple, palace, well, shop.
Play	Game, playground, chess.
Money	Wealth, coin, price.
Words of the Śloka	The door to the lists for a joined śloka.
Short Words of a Verse	हि, तु, त्वा, क्व, चेत्, and the rest.
The Person in the Śloka	Self, mind, body, and the three strands.
The Path in the Śloka	Duty, yoga, release, grief, and desire.
The World of the Śloka	Names, beings, and places.
Verbs of the Śloka	प्राप्नोति, उवाच, ज्ञेयम्, परित्यज्य.
Common chants	Lines people recite, such as असतो मा सद्गमय, with the words taken apart. Not a lesson.
Later	Not a lesson yet. The full perfect and aorist, the dual of a consonant stem, and the other endings of thirty, forty, and fifty.