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Lesson 5: Neuter Singular

Index · Lesson 4: Feminine Singular · Lesson 6: Who and What

पुस्तकम्, जलम्, and गृहम् are neuter. Lesson 1 said the subject and the object both end in -म्. This lesson is the whole column, still एकवचन, one thing. The subject is पुस्तकम्, where the man was छात्रः. The object is पुस्तकम् too. The calling form is पुस्तक. The other endings match the man.

Cases: neuter singular

CaseFormJobA whole sentenceExplanation
Subjectपुस्तकम्whatपुस्तकम् अस्ति।“It is a book.” त्यो पुस्तक हो।
Objectपुस्तकम्the thing receivedसः पुस्तकं पठति।“He reads the book.” ऊ पुस्तक पढ्छ।
With, byपुस्तकेनby means ofसः पुस्तकेन पठति।“He studies by means of the book.”
Forपुस्तकायfor the bookइदं पुस्तकाय अस्ति।“This is for the book.” Use this when the book is the one something is for, not when the book is the thing you read.
Fromपुस्तकात्fromअहं पुस्तकात् पठामि।“I read from the book.” पठामि, “I study,” is from Lesson 2.
Ofपुस्तकस्यof the bookपुस्तकस्य नाम।“The book’s name.”
In, atपुस्तकेinपुस्तके ज्ञानम् अस्ति।“Knowledge is in the book.”
Callingपुस्तकcalling the thingहे पुस्तक।There is no visarga on the calling form.

जलम्, “water,” and गृहम्, “house,” take these same endings. गृहम् is the subject or the object. गृहे is “in the house,” the same -ए as पुस्तके. Lesson 2 writes गृहं when someone goes there, because the next word starts with a consonant. The ending is still the object म्. गृहे is the “in” ending.

SentenceMeaning
जलम् अस्ति।There is water.
अहं जलं पश्यामि।I see water. पश्यामि means “I see.” पश्यति, “he sees,” was in Lesson 1.
सः गृहे अस्ति।He is in the house. ऊ घरमा छ। Here अस्ति is still “is.”

Practice

  1. Say पुस्तकम् अस्ति and सः पुस्तकं पठति। The ending is म् in both. Before अस्ति, a vowel, it stays म्. Before पठति, a consonant, it is written ं.
  2. Say सः गृहे अस्ति, “he is in the house.”
  3. Say अहं जलं पश्यामि, “I see water.”

Next

Lesson 6: Who and What.