Qualities
These words describe someone. They match the noun the way नवीनः does in Lesson 14: Adjectives, and the way कुशलः matches the speaker in Lesson 1: Cases and To Be.
Beside a man the subject ends in ः. Beside a woman it ends in आ. If you speak as a man, अहं प्रसन्नः अस्मि। If you speak as a woman, अहं प्रसन्ना अस्मि।
| Word | Like | Nepali | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| प्रसन्नः | नवीनः | खुसी | glad |
| दुःखितः | नवीनः | दुःखी | sad |
| क्रुद्धः | नवीनः | रिसाहा | angry |
| भीतः | नवीनः | डराएको | afraid |
| क्लान्तः | नवीनः | थाकेको | tired |
| क्षुधितः | नवीनः | भोकाएको | hungry |
| तृषितः | नवीनः | तिखर्खा लागेको | thirsty |
| सुन्दरः | नवीनः | राम्रो | beautiful, fine |
| प्रियः | नवीनः | प्यारो | dear |
| कुशलः | नवीनः | सञ्चै, कुशल | well. Already in Lesson 1. |
| नवीनः | नवीनः | नयाँ | new. Already in Lesson 14. |
लघुः means small, सानो, beside a man. It is like गुरुः, not like छात्रः. Beside a woman the subject is लघ्वी, with no visarga, the way नदी has none. लघु पुस्तकम् is a small book: the thing-form is लघु, with no म्, because this shape does not use the पुस्तकम् ending. Two sentences are enough for लघु. The rest of its column is the गुरु column when the noun is a man.
महान् means great, big, beside a man. That subject form ends in न्, not in ः. Beside a woman it is महती. Beside a thing it is महत्. The other jobs wait.
Sentences
| Sentence | Meaning |
|---|---|
| छात्रः प्रसन्नः अस्ति। | The student is glad. विद्यार्थी खुसी छ। |
| छात्रा प्रसन्ना अस्ति। | The woman student is glad. |
| अहं क्षुधितः अस्मि। | I am hungry, said by a man. म भोकाएको छु। |
| अहं क्षुधिता अस्मि। | I am hungry, said by a woman. |
| अहं तृषितः अस्मि। | I am thirsty, said by a man. म तिखर्खा लागेको छु। |
| क्लान्तः शुनकः शय्यायाम् अस्ति। | The tired dog is on the bed. थाकेको कुकुर ओछ्यानमा छ। शय्यायाम् keeps म् because अस्ति starts with a vowel. |
| लघुः शुनकः अस्ति। | The dog is small, a male dog. सानो कुकुर हो। |
| लघ्वी अजा अस्ति। | The she-goat is small. सानी बाख्री हो। अजा means a she-goat, from Animals. It is like छात्रा. लघ्वी is “small” beside a woman or a feminine noun. |
| महान् वृक्षः अस्ति। | The tree is great. ठूलो रुख हो। |
| इदं मे प्रियं पुस्तकम् अस्ति। | This is my dear book. यो मेरो प्यारो पुस्तक हो। प्रियम् is written प्रियं before a consonant. पुस्तकम् keeps म् because अस्ति starts with a vowel. |
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Work is the farmer, the doctor, the singer, and the king.