The Upaniṣads / Kaṭha / 5.12 The one ruler
5.12
एको वशी सर्वभूतान्तरात्मा एकं रूपं बहुधा यः करोति ।
तमात्मस्थं येऽनुपश्यन्ति धीरास् तेषां सुखं शाश्वतं नेतरेषाम् eko vaśī sarvabhūtāntarātmā ekaṃ rūpaṃ bahudhā yaḥ karoti |
tam ātmasthaṃ ye 'nupaśyanti dhīrās teṣāṃ sukhaṃ śāśvataṃ netareṣām
The line
The one ruler, the inner self of all beings, who makes the one form many ways: the wise who see him standing in the self, theirs is lasting happiness, not the others'.
नेपालीमा
एक शासक, सबै प्राणीको भित्री आत्मा, जसले एक रूपलाई धेरै किसिम बनाउँछ, आत्मामा उभिएको उसलाई देख्ने ज्ञानीहरूको चिर सुख हुन्छ, अरूको हुँदैन।
Where it sits
The next mantra is the same frame, with peace in the place of happiness, and a different first line.
Split: ekaḥ vaśī (एकः वशी) + sarva-bhūta-antarātmā (सर्व-भूत-अन्तरात्मा) + ekam rūpam bahudhā yaḥ karoti (एकम् रूपम् बहुधा यः करोति) + tam ātma-stham (तमात्म-स्थम्) + ye anupaśyanti dhīrāḥ (ये अनुपश्यन्ति धीराः) + teṣām sukham śāśvatam (तेषाम् सुखम् शाश्वतम्) + na itareṣām (न इतरेषाम्)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| ekaḥ vaśī (एकः वशी) | the one ruler | Heard eko vaśī (एको वशी). |
| sarva-bhūta-antarātmā (सर्व-भूत-अन्तरात्मा) | inner self of all beings | Nominative. |
| ekam rūpam bahudhā yaḥ karoti (एकम् रूपम् बहुधा यः करोति) | who makes the one form many ways | Heard ekaṃ rūpaṃ (एकं रूपं). |
| tam ātma-stham (तमात्म-स्थम्) | him, standing in the self | Heard tam ātmastham (तमात्मस्थम्). |
| ye anupaśyanti dhīrāḥ (ये अनुपश्यन्ति धीराः) | the wise who see | Heard ye 'nupaśyanti dhīrās (येऽनुपश्यन्ति धीरास्). |
| teṣām sukham śāśvatam (तेषाम् सुखम् शाश्वतम्) | theirs is lasting happiness | Heard sukhaṃ śāśvataṃ (सुखं शाश्वतं). |
| na itareṣām (न इतरेषाम्) | not the others' | Heard netareṣām (नेतरेषाम्). |
The phrases
The one ruler makes one form into many. Lasting ease belongs to the wise who see him standing in the self, not to the others.
Sanskrit in this line
Ye anupaśyanti (ये अनुपश्यन्ति) is ye 'nupaśyanti (येऽनुपश्यन्ति). Na itareṣām (न इतरेषाम्) is netareṣām (नेतरेषाम्).
Say it back
Say whose the lasting happiness is.