The Upaniṣads / Māṇḍūkya / 10 The measure u
10
स्वप्नस्थानस् तैजस उकारो द्वितीया मात्रोत्कर्षादुभयत्वाद् वा ।
उत्कर्षति ह वै ज्ञानसंततिं समानश् च भवति नास्याब्रह्मवित् कुले भवति य एवं वेद svapnasthānas taijasa ukāro dvitīyā mātrotkarṣād ubhayatvād vā |
utkarṣati ha vai jñānasaṃtatiṃ samānaś ca bhavati nāsyābrahmavit kule bhavati ya evaṃ veda
The line
The dream taijasa (तैजस) is u (उ), the second measure, from its being raised above, or from its being both. He carries the continuity of knowing upward, and he becomes equal, who knows thus. One who does not know Brahman (ब्रह्मन्) is not born in his family.
नेपालीमा
स्वप्नको तैजस उ हो, दोस्रो मात्रा, माथि उठेको भएकाले वा दुवै भएकाले, र यसरी जान्नेले ज्ञानको निरन्तरता माथि लैजान्छ तथा समान हुन्छ। ब्रह्मन् नजान्ने उसको कुलमा जन्मदैन।
Where it sits
Mantra 4 named the foot. Ubhaya (उभय), both, is the dream's place between waking and sleep, and the letter's place between a (अ) and m (म्). The result is this mantra's own. It is not the result of mantra 9.
Split: svapna-sthānaḥ (स्वप्न-स्थानः) + taijasaḥ (तैजसः) + ukāraḥ (उकारः) + dvitīyā (द्वितीया) + mātrā (मात्रा) + utkarṣāt (उत्कर्षात्) + ubhayatvāt (उभयत्वात्) + vā (वा) + utkarṣati (उत्कर्षति) + ha (ह) + vai (वै) + jñāna-saṃtatim (ज्ञान-संततिम्) + samānaḥ (समानः) + ca (च) + bhavati (भवति) + na (न) + asya (अस्य) + abrahmavit (अब्रह्मवित्) + kule (कुले) + bhavati (भवति) + yaḥ (यः) + evam (एवम्) + veda (वेद)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| svapna-sthānaḥ (स्वप्न-स्थानः) | nominative singular, masculine | Whose place is the dream. Heard svapnasthānas (स्वप्नस्थान) before taijasaḥ (तैजसः), the visarga becoming s (स्) before t (त्). |
| taijasaḥ (तैजसः) | nominative singular, masculine | Taijasa (तैजस), the dream foot of mantra 4. |
| ukāraḥ (उकारः) | nominative singular, masculine | The letter u (उ). Heard ukāro (उकारो) before dvitīyā (द्वितीया). |
| dvitīyā (द्वितीया) | nominative singular, feminine | The second. Agrees with mātrā (मात्रा). |
| mātrā (मात्रा) | nominative singular, feminine | A measure. Joins utkarṣāt (उत्कर्षात्): mātrotkarṣāt (मात्रोत्कर्षात्). |
| utkarṣāt (उत्कर्षात्) | ablative singular, masculine | Because of excellence, because it is raised above. The ablative is the reason. Heard utkarṣād (उत्कर्षाद्) before ubhayatvāt (उभयत्वात्). |
| ubhayatvāt (उभयत्वात्) | ablative singular, neuter | Because of being both. U (उ) sits between a (अ) and m (म्), as dream sits between waking and sleep. Heard ubhayatvād (उभयत्वाद्) before vā (वा). |
| vā (वा) | indeclinable | Or. The second reason. |
| utkarṣati (उत्कर्षति) | present, third person singular | He raises, he carries upward. The knowledge-continuity is the object. |
| ha vai (ह वै) | indeclinable | The text's own assertion, as in mantra 9. |
| jñāna-saṃtatim (ज्ञान-संततिम्) | accusative singular, feminine | The continuity of knowing. saṃtati (संतति), an unbroken line. |
| samānaḥ (समानः) | nominative singular, masculine | Equal, the same. He becomes a peer. Heard samānaś (समानश्) before ca (च). |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | And. |
| bhavati (भवति) | present, third person singular | He becomes. |
| na (न) | indeclinable | Not. With bhavati (भवति) at the end of the clause. |
| asya (अस्य) | genitive singular, masculine | Of him. Of the one who knows. Heard in nāsya (नास्य): na (न) plus asya (अस्य). |
| abrahmavit (अब्रह्मवित्) | nominative singular, masculine | One who does not know Brahman (ब्रह्मन्). The subject of the last bhavati (भवति). a-brahma-vid (अ-ब्रह्म-विद्). |
| kule (कुले) | locative singular, neuter | In the family. |
| bhavati (भवति) | present, third person singular | Is born, comes to be. With na (न): an unknowing one does not come to be in his family. |
| yaḥ (यः) evam (एवम्) veda (वेद) | nominative, indeclinable, perfect | Who knows thus. The same closing as mantra 9. |
The phrases
The dream foot taijasa (तैजस) is u (उ), the second measure, because it is raised above, or because it is both.
Who knows thus raises the continuity of knowing, becomes a peer, and no one who does not know Brahman (ब्रह्मन्) is born in his family.
Sanskrit in this line
Svapnasthānaḥ (स्वप्नस्थानः) plus taijasaḥ (तैजसः) is svapnasthānas taijasaḥ (स्वप्नस्थानस् तैजसः). A visarga before t (त्) is heard as s (स्).
Mātrā (मात्रा) plus utkarṣāt (उत्कर्षात्) is mātrotkarṣāt (मात्रोत्कर्षात्). Short ā (आ) plus short u (उ) is o (ओ).
Utkarṣāt (उत्कर्षात्) before ubhayatvāt (उभयत्वात्), and ubhayatvāt (उभयत्वात्) before vā (वा). A final t (त्) before a voiced sound is heard as d (द्).
Na (न) plus asya (अस्य) is nāsya (नास्य). Then abrahmavit (अब्रह्मवित्) joins: nāsyābrahmavit (नास्याब्रह्मवित्).
Say it back
Say the two reasons, and say what does not get born in his family.