1.33
मैत्रीकरुणामुदितोपेक्षाणां सुखदुःखपुण्यापुण्यविषयाणां भावनातश् चित्तप्रसादनम्
maitrī-karuṇā-muditopekṣāṇāṃ sukha-duḥkha-puṇyāpuṇya-viṣayāṇāṃ bhāvanātaś citta-prasādanam
The line
The mind clears by cultivating friendliness, compassion, gladness, and equanimity toward happiness, suffering, merit, and demerit.
नेपालीमा
सुखमा मैत्री, दुःखमा करुणा, पुण्यमा मुदिता र अपुण्यमा उपेक्षा पाल्दा चित्त प्रसन्न हुन्छ।
Where it sits
This is the first of the ways, after 1.32, to make the mind fit for one principle. It is not a moral aside. A mind that meets happiness with friendliness, and suffering with compassion, is less thrown. 1.34 begins the vā (वा) series: or, another way.
Split: maitrī (मैत्री) + karuṇā (करुणा) + muditā (मुदिता) + upekṣāṇām (उपेक्षाणाम्) + sukha (सुख) + duḥkha (दुःख) + puṇya (पुण्य) + apuṇya (अपुण्य) + viṣayāṇām (विषयाणाम्) + bhāvanātaḥ (भावनातः) + citta (चित्त) + prasādanam (प्रसादनम्)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| maitrī (मैत्री) | stem | friendliness. |
| karuṇā (करुणा) | stem | compassion. |
| muditā (मुदिता) | stem | gladness at another's good. |
| upekṣāṇām (उपेक्षाणाम्) | genitive plural of upekṣā (उपेक्षा) | of equanimity. The ending covers all four attitudes. |
| sukha (सुख) | stem | happiness. |
| duḥkha (दुःख) | stem | suffering. |
| puṇya (पुण्य) | stem | merit. |
| apuṇya (अपुण्य) | stem | demerit. |
| viṣayāṇām (विषयाणाम्) | genitive plural of viṣaya (विषय) | of those objects. The four situations the attitudes face. |
| bhāvanātaḥ (भावनातः) | ablative of bhāvanā (भावना) | from cultivation. From deliberately dwelling on the attitude. |
| citta (चित्त) | stem | the mind. |
| prasādanam (प्रसादनम्) | nominative singular, neuter | clearing, making serene. |
The phrases
Two genitive plurals are set in the same order. Friendliness, compassion, gladness, equanimity. Happiness, suffering, merit, demerit. The first of each list goes with the first of the other. The line does not spell the pairing out. The order is the pairing.
bhāvanātaḥ (भावनातः) is “from that cultivation,” ablative. citta-prasādanam (चित्तप्रसादनम्) is the nominative result: the mind clears. Before citta (चित्त), bhāvanātaḥ (भावनातः) is recited bhāvanātaś (भावनातश्), aḥ (अः) before c (च्).
Sanskrit in this line
The new sandhi is ā (आ) + u (उ) = o (ओ). muditā (मुदिता) + upekṣā (उपेक्षा) is said muditopekṣā (मुदितोपेक्षा). You also have a (अ) + a (अ) = ā (आ) in puṇya (पुण्य) + apuṇya (अपुण्य). The genitive plural is -āṇām (आणाम्) after ā (आ), the same “of the many” as -ānām (आनाम्) in 1.19. And -taḥ (तः) is an ablative ending meaning “from,” a cousin of -āt (आत्).
Say it back
Say the four attitudes in order, then the four they face, in the same order. Do not rearrange them.