2.25
तदभावात् संयोगाभावो हानं तद्दृशेः कैवल्यम्
tad-abhāvāt saṃyogābhāvo hānaṃ tad-dṛśeḥ kaivalyam
The line
When that is absent, joining is absent. That is release. It is the aloneness of the seer.
नेपालीमा
त्यो नभए संयोग हुँदैन। त्यो छुटकारा हो, त्यो द्रष्टाको कैवल्य हो।
Where it sits
The argument from 2.15 to here has a shape. Suffering not yet come is to be avoided. Its cause is the joining. The joining's cause is ignorance. Remove ignorance, and the joining goes, and that going is kaivalya (कैवल्य). 2.26 will name the means.
Split: tat (तत्) + abhāvāt (अभावात्) + saṃyoga (संयोग) + abhāvaḥ (अभावः) + hānam (हानम्) + tat (तत्) + dṛśeḥ (दृशेः) + kaivalyam (कैवल्यम्)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| tat (तत्) | stem | of that. Of ignorance. |
| abhāvāt (अभावात्) | ablative singular | from the absence. When ignorance is absent. |
| saṃyoga (संयोग) | stem | the joining. |
| abhāvaḥ (अभावः) | nominative singular, masculine | the absence of the joining. |
| hānam (हानम्) | nominative singular, neuter | the release, the letting go. What 2.16 called heya (हेय) has a name for its success. |
| tat (तत्) | stem | of that. Of the seer. |
| dṛśeḥ (दृशेः) | genitive singular of dṛśi (दृशि) | of the seeing. Of the seer as sheer seeing. |
| kaivalyam (कैवल्यम्) | nominative singular, neuter | aloneness. The seer standing without the joining. |
The phrases
From the absence of ignorance comes the absence of joining. saṃyoga (संयोग) + abhāva (अभाव) is a (अ) + a (अ) = ā (आ). abhāvaḥ (अभावः) before the voiced h (ह्) of hāna (हान) is recited abhāvo (अभावो).
hānam (हानम्) is release. tad-dṛśeḥ kaivalyam (तद्दृशेः कैवल्यम्) says what the release is: the aloneness of that seeing. tad (तद्) + dṛś (दृश्) doubles the d (द्), tad-dṛśeḥ (तद्दृशेः). Absence of the cause, absence of the joining, and that absence is aloneness.
Sanskrit in this line
You know the ablative “from” and the nominative. What is worth hearing is the chain of absences: abhāvāt (अभावात्) causes abhāvaḥ (अभावः). And aḥ (अः) before a voiced consonant is o (ओ): abhāvo hānam (अभावो हानम्). kaivalya (कैवल्य) is the word the fourth pāda (पाद) is named for. It starts here as a predicate of release.
Say it back
Say the chain in order: absence, absence, release, aloneness. Do not skip a step.