2.33
वितर्कबाधने प्रतिपक्षभावनम्
vitarka-bādhane pratipakṣa-bhāvanam
The line
When a contrary idea presses in, cultivate the opposite.
नेपालीमा
विरुद्ध वितर्कले थिचेमा उल्टो भाव पाल्नुपर्छ।
Where it sits
The restraints and observances have been named. This line is what you do in the moment one of them slips toward its opposite. 2.34 will spell out how far a contrary idea reaches, so the cultivation has a real object.
Split: vitarka (वितर्क) + bādhane (बाधने) + pratipakṣa (प्रतिपक्ष) + bhāvanam (भावनम्)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| vitarka (वितर्क) | stem | a contrary idea. Here, a thought of harm, lying, and the rest, not the reasoning of 1.17. |
| bādhane (बाधने) | locative singular | when there is pressing in. When that idea besets you. |
| pratipakṣa (प्रतिपक्ष) | stem | the opposite side. The thought that counters it. |
| bhāvanam (भावनम्) | nominative singular, neuter | cultivation. The practice of dwelling on the opposite. |
The phrases
vitarka-bādhane (वितर्कबाधने) is locative: when a contrary idea presses. pratipakṣa-bhāvanam (प्रतिपक्षभावनम्) is the nominative answer. Cultivate the opposite. The line is the method for both yama and niyama when they are under attack from inside.
Sanskrit in this line
Locative -e (ए) means “when,” as in nirodhe (निरोधे) and vaiśāradye (वैशारद्ये). bhāvanam (भावनम्) is the same cultivation as bhāvanā (भावना) in 1.33, here neuter -am (अम्). vitarka (वितर्क) in this pāda (पाद) is not the vitarka (वितर्क) of samādhi (समाधि). Context decides. The word is “an idea that goes the other way.”
Say it back
Say the when, then the what. Locative first, nominative second.