Haṭha Yoga Pradīpikā / 1.17 Ten yamas
1.17
Haṭha (हठ) Yoga Pradīpikā (प्रदीपिका)
अहिंसा सत्यमस्तेयं ब्रह्मचर्यं क्षमा धृतिः ।
दयार्जवं मिताहारः शौचं चैव यमा दश ahiṃsā satyam asteyaṃ brahmacaryaṃ kṣamā dhṛtiḥ |
dayārjavaṃ mitāhāraḥ śaucaṃ caiva yamā daśa
The line
Non-harm, truth, non-stealing, the continent life, patience, steadfastness, compassion, straightness, measured food, and purity: the yamas are ten.
नेपालीमा
अहिंसा, सत्य, अस्तेय, ब्रह्मचर्य, क्षमा, धृति, दया, आर्जव, परिमित भोजन र शौच यम दश हुन्।
Where it sits
A heading in the file, atha yama-niyamāḥ (अथ यम-नियमाः), stands before this verse and is not recited. Dayārjava (दयार्जव) is dayā (दया) and ārjava (आर्जव) joined. Yoga Sūtra (सूत्र) 2.30 lists five yamas (यम). Both lists stay. 1.18 gives his ten niyamas (नियम).
Split: ahiṃsā (अहिंसा) satyam (सत्यम्) asteyaṃ (अस्तेयं) brahmacaryaṃ (ब्रह्मचर्यं) kṣamā (क्षमा) dhṛtiḥ (धृतिः) / dayārjavaṃ (दयार्जवं) mitāhāraḥ (मिताहारः) śaucaṃ (शौचं) caiva (चैव) yamā (यमा) daśa (दश)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| ahiṃsā (अहिंसा) | nominative singular | ahiṃsā (अहिंसा). Non-harm. |
| satyam (सत्यम्) | nominative or accusative singular | truth. |
| asteyaṃ (अस्तेयं) | nominative or accusative singular | non-stealing. |
| brahmacaryaṃ (ब्रह्मचर्यं) | nominative or accusative singular | continence, the student' s walk. |
| kṣamā (क्षमा) | nominative singular | patience. |
| dhṛtiḥ (धृतिः) | nominative singular | steadiness. |
| dayārjavaṃ (दयार्जवं) | nominative or accusative singular | compassion and straightness. |
| mitāhāraḥ (मिताहारः) | nominative singular | measured food. |
| śaucaṃ (शौचं) | nominative or accusative singular | cleanliness. |
| caiva (चैव) | indeclinable | and indeed. |
| yamā (यमा) | nominative singular | a yama. A restraint. |
| daśa (दश) | form in the line | ten. |
Sanskrit in this line
The quarters run 16, 16 syllables. A hyphen in the split is a compound joint, a teaching mark, and the voice joins it.
Say it back
Cover the English and say the verse in one sentence. Non-harm, truth, non-stealing, the continent life, patience, steadfastness, compassion, straightness, measured food, and purity: the yamas are ten.