Directions
दिशा means a direction, दिशा. It is like छात्रा. The four directions are adjectives like छात्रः, and they also name the direction by themselves.
उत्तरः means north. उत्तरम् in the word list means “an answer.” The ः and the म् are doing different jobs. उत्तरः is a direction. उत्तरम् is a thing-word, “answer.”
दक्षिणः means south, and it also means right. The south is on the right when you face east, which is why one word does both jobs. वामः means left. It does not mean a direction of the sky.
| Word | Like | Nepali | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| दिशा | छात्रा | दिशा | direction |
| पूर्वः | छात्रः | पूर्व | east |
| पश्चिमः | छात्रः | पश्चिम | west |
| उत्तरः | छात्रः | उत्तर | north |
| दक्षिणः | छात्रः | दक्षिण | south, and also right |
| वामः | छात्रः | बायाँ | left |
| उपरि | no ending | माथि | above |
| अधः | no ending | तल | below |
“In the east” is पूर्वे, like छात्रे. पश्चिमे is “in the west.” उत्तरे is “in the north.” दक्षिणे is “in the south.”
उपरि and अधः do not take endings.
Sentences
| Sentence | Meaning |
|---|---|
| प्रातः सूर्यः पूर्वे अस्ति। | In the morning the sun is in the east. बिहान सूर्य पूर्वमा हुन्छ। |
| सूर्यास्ते सूर्यः पश्चिमे अस्ति। | At sunset the sun is in the west. सूर्यास्तमा सूर्य पश्चिममा हुन्छ। |
| अहं दक्षिणं गच्छामि। | I go south. म दक्षिण जान्छु। दक्षिणम् is the object, written दक्षिणं before a consonant. |
| अहम् उत्तरं गच्छामि। | I go north. म उत्तर जान्छु। अहम् keeps म् because उत्तरम् starts with a vowel. |
| बिकासस्य दक्षिणः हस्तः। | Bikash’s right hand. बिकासको दाहिने हात। |
| बिकासस्य वामः हस्तः। | Bikash’s left hand. बिकासको देब्रे हात। |
| पुस्तकम् उपरि अस्ति। | The book is above. पुस्तक माथि छ। |
| आसनम् अधः अस्ति। | The seat is below. आसन तल छ। |
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