Lesson 17: Gone and Studied
Index · Lesson 16: To Hear · Lesson 18: The Past
A verb can become a describing word. गतः means “gone.” पठितः means “studied.” लिखितः means “written.” खादितः means “eaten.” They match the noun the way नवीनः does.
अस्ति can stand with them, or it can be left out. सः गतः and सः गतः अस्ति both say that he has gone.
| Man | Woman | Thing | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gone | गतः | गता | गतम् |
| Studied | पठितः | पठिता | पठितम् |
| Written | लिखितः | लिखिता | लिखितम् |
| Eaten | खादितः | खादिता | खादितम् |
More than one man or woman takes आः. More than one thing takes आनि. छात्राः गताः। “The students have gone.” पुस्तकानि लिखितानि। “The books are written.”
| Sentence | Meaning |
|---|---|
| सः गतः। | He has gone. ऊ गएको छ। |
| सा गता। | She has gone. |
| छात्राः गताः। | The students have gone. विद्यार्थीहरू गएका छन्। |
| पुस्तकं पठितम्। | The book has been studied. पुस्तकम् is the subject, the same ending as पठितम्. It is written पुस्तकं because पठितम् starts with a consonant. पठितम् is last, so its म् stays. |
| पत्रं लिखितम्। | The letter is written. पत्र लेखिएको छ। |
| फलं खादितम्। | The fruit is eaten. |
| अहं गतः अस्मि। | I have gone, a man speaking. A woman says अहं गता अस्मि। |
Practice
- Say सः गतः, “he has gone.”
- Say पत्रं लिखितम्, “the letter is written.”
- Say छात्राः गताः, “the students have gone.”
Next
Lesson 18: The Past is the past tense of the verb itself: “he went,” “he studied,” “he was.”