Lesson 18: The Past
Index · Lesson 17: Gone and Studied · Lesson 19: Commands
Lesson 17’s गतः says “gone,” a describing word. This lesson is the past tense. सः गतः। “He has gone.” सः अगच्छत्। “He went.”
The past of “to go” keeps गच्छ and puts अ in front. The ending is shorter than the present. Present “he goes” is गच्छति. Past “he went” is अगच्छत्, with no visarga.
The past of “to be” starts with आ. Learn that row as a set.
The endings
| Went | Studied | Was | |
|---|---|---|---|
| अहम् | अगच्छम् | अपठम् | आसम् |
| त्वम् | अगच्छः | अपठः | आसीः |
| सः / सा / तत् / भवान् / भवती | अगच्छत् | अपठत् | आसीत् |
| वयम् | अगच्छाम | अपठाम | आस्म |
| यूयम् | अगच्छत | अपठत | आस्त |
| ते / ताः / तानि / भवन्तः / भवत्यः | अगच्छन् | अपठन् | आसन् |
| Sentence | Meaning |
|---|---|
| अहं गृहम् अगच्छम्। | I went home. म घर गएँ। |
| त्वं नगरम् अगच्छः। | You went to the city, said to a friend. |
| सः नगरम् अगच्छत्। | He went to the city. ऊ सहर गयो। |
| भवान् कुत्र अगच्छत्। | Where did you go? Said to a man at the तपाईं level. तपाईं कहाँ जानुभयो? |
| अहं पुस्तकम् अपठम्। | I studied the book. |
| गुरुः अत्र आसीत्। | The teacher was here. गुरु यहाँ हुनुहुन्थ्यो। |
| वयं तत्र आस्म। | We were there. हामी त्यहाँ थियौं। |
| ते अत्र आसन्। | They were here. |
गृहम्, नगरम्, and पुस्तकम् keep म् in these lines. अगच्छम्, अगच्छत्, and अपठम् start with अ, a vowel. The “we” past ending has no visarga: अगच्छाम, आस्म। The present “we” forms keep it: गच्छामः, स्मः।
Practice
- Say अहं गृहम् अगच्छम्, “I went home.”
- Say सः नगरम् अगच्छत्, “he went to the city.”
- Say गुरुः अत्र आसीत्, “the teacher was here.”
Next
Lesson 19: Commands is “go,” “come,” and “please study.”