1.5
वृत्तयः पञ्चतय्यः क्लिष्टाक्लिष्टाः
vṛttayaḥ pañcatayyaḥ kliṣṭākliṣṭāḥ
The line
The activities are fivefold. They are afflicted, or they are not.
नेपालीमा
वृत्तिहरू पाँच प्रकारका हुन्छन्। तिनीहरू क्लेशयुक्त हुन्छन्, वा हुँदैनन्।
Where it sits
1.2 said the activities are to be stilled. It did not say only the painful ones. Afflicted and unafflicted are both vṛttis (वृत्ति). An afflicted activity is driven by the afflictions named later, in 2.3. An unafflicted activity is one that moves toward stilling, including the practice the book is about to define. It is still an activity, and the seer can still be identified with it, which is the condition 1.4 just named. The stilling named in 1.2 covers both, the harmful ones first and the helpful ones at the end.
Split: vṛttayaḥ (वृत्तयः) + pañcatayyaḥ (पञ्चतय्यः) + kliṣṭa-akliṣṭāḥ (क्लिष्टअक्लिष्टाः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| vṛttayaḥ (वृत्तयः) | nominative plural of vṛtti (वृत्ति) | the activities. |
| pañcatayyaḥ (पञ्चतय्यः) | nominative plural, feminine | fivefold. pañcan (पञ्चन्) "five," -taya (तय) "-fold." |
| kliṣṭa (क्लिष्ट) | stem, inside the compound | afflicted, painful, stained. From the root kliś (क्लिश्). |
| akliṣṭāḥ (अक्लिष्टाः) | nominative plural | and unafflicted. The a- (अ) is the privative, "not." |
The phrases
vṛtti (वृत्ति) is feminine, so everything agreeing with it is feminine: vṛttayaḥ (वृत्तयः), pañcatayyaḥ (पञ्चतय्यः), and the plural ending on the compound.
kliṣṭākliṣṭāḥ (क्लिष्टाक्लिष्टाः) is one word in the manuscript, a dvandva: "afflicted and unafflicted." The ā (आ) in the middle is a (अ) + a (अ) again, the same sandhi as in 1.1. The plural ending sits on the last member only.
The line says the activities are five in kind, and that each kind comes in an afflicted form and an unafflicted form. It does not yet say the five names. That is the next line.
Sanskrit in this line
Agreement is audible. If the noun is feminine, the adjective does not keep a masculine ending because the translation says "fivefold." pañcatayyaḥ (पञ्चतय्यः) is feminine because vṛtti (वृत्ति) is.
a- (अ) in front of a word negates it. kliṣṭa (क्लिष्ट) / akliṣṭa (अक्लिष्ट) is the pattern. You will see it again in asaṃpramoṣa (असंप्रमोष) (1.11).
A dvandva is a compound that means "and." English puts "and" between the words. Sanskrit joins them and declines the end.
Say it back
Why is the ending pañcatayyaḥ (पञ्चतय्यः) and not a masculine form? Answer with the gender of vṛtti (वृत्ति).
Next
1.6. The five are valid knowing, error, conceptualization, sleep, and memory.