1.15
दृष्टानुश्रविकविषयवितृष्णस्य वशीकारसंज्ञा वैराग्यम्
dṛṣṭānuśravika-viṣaya-vitṛṣṇasya vaśīkāra-saṃjñā vairāgyam
The line
Dispassion is the recognition of mastery in one who does not thirst for objects seen or heard of.
नेपालीमा
वैराग्य देखिएका वा सुनिएका विषयको तृष्णा नराख्नेमा वशको पहिचान हो।
Where it sits
This is ordinary dispassion, if "ordinary" can be used of something this thorough. It still refers to objects. The next line names a dispassion that does not refer to objects at all. Both are vairāgya (वैराग्य). 1.12 needs both, and 1.16 will say which is the higher.
Split: dṛṣṭa-ānuśravika-viṣaya-vitṛṣṇasya (दृष्टआनुश्रविकविषयवितृष्णस्य) + vaśīkāra-saṃjñā (वशीकारसंज्ञा) + vairāgyam (वैराग्यम्)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| dṛṣṭa (दृष्ट) | past participle, inside the compound | seen. What has been perceived. |
| ānuśravika (आनुश्रविक) | stem | come from hearing. From anuśrava (अनुश्रव), what is heard in teaching and report. The heavenly and the remote, as well as the ordinary things one only knows by being told. |
| viṣaya (विषय) | stem | object. |
| vitṛṣṇasya (वितृष्णस्य) | genitive singular of vitṛṣṇa (वितृष्ण) | of one who is without thirst. vi- (वि) "apart, without," tṛṣṇā (तृष्णा) "thirst, craving." |
| vaśīkāra (वशीकार) | stem | mastery. The act of bringing something under one's own power. |
| saṃjñā (संज्ञा) | nominative singular, feminine | recognition, the clear knowing of a state. |
| vairāgyam (वैराग्यम्) | nominative singular, neuter | dispassion. The second of the two means in 1.12. |
The phrases
vairāgyam (वैराग्यम्) is the subject, the word being defined.
vaśīkārasaṃjñā (वशीकारसंज्ञा) is the predicate: the recognition that one is master of this, that the object does not master one. saṃjñā (संज्ञा) is feminine and vairāgya (वैराग्य) is neuter. Same pattern as 1.7 and 1.11.
dṛṣṭānuśravikaviṣayavitṛṣṇasya (दृष्टानुश्रविकविषयवितृष्णस्य) says of whom this is true. The genitive -sya (स्य) means "of that person." Read the compound from the end:
- of one who is without thirst (vitṛṣṇa (वितृष्ण))
- for objects (viṣaya (विषय))
- that are seen (dṛṣṭa (दृष्ट)) or heard of (ānuśravika (आनुश्रविक))
The seam dṛṣṭa (दृष्ट) + ānuśravika (आनुश्रविक) is a (अ) + ā (आ) = ā (आ). Seen and heard-of is a dvandva inside the larger compound: the objects right in front of one, and the objects one only knows from report, including the ones tradition promises later.
Dispassion here is not a mood of dislike. It is the settled recognition of mastery, in a person for whom those objects no longer produce thirst.
Sanskrit in this line
The genitive -sya (स्य) on vitṛṣṇasya (वितृष्णस्य) is the ending to hear. It does not mean the dispassion belongs to the thirstless person as a possession among others. It means the recognition is that person's.
ānuśravika (आनुश्रविक) is a secondary adjective, built from a noun (anuśrava (अनुश्रव)) by a suffix. The suffix is why the word means "of the sort that comes from hearing," not "hearing" itself. You do not need the suffix table. You need to notice that a long word of this shape is often "related to X" rather than X.
Say it back
Whose recognition is it? Answer with the genitive word, then say what that person is free of.