1.14
स तु दीर्घकालनैरन्तर्यसत्कारासेवितो दृढभूमिः
sa tu dīrgha-kāla-nairantarya-satkārāsevito dṛḍha-bhūmiḥ
The line
That practice becomes firmly grounded when it is kept up over a long time, without a break, and with care.
नेपालीमा
लामो काल, बीच नटुटाई र सावधानीसाथ राख्दा त्यो अभ्यास दृढ रूपमा बस्छ।
Where it sits
1.13 defined practice as effort to stay. 1.14 says when that effort counts as established. The three conditions are not ornaments. A burst of effort that is short, or patchy, or careless, is still effort, and it is still practice by 1.13. It is not yet dṛḍhabhūmi (दृढभूमि). The book is protecting the definition from being confused with a mood.
Split: saḥ (सः) + tu (तु) + dīrgha-kāla-nairantarya-satkāra-āsevitaḥ (दीर्घकालनैरन्तर्यसत्कारआसेवितः) + dṛḍha-bhūmiḥ (दृढभूमिः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| saḥ (सः) | nominative, masculine | that. Practice, from 1.13. |
| tu (तु) | indeclinable | and, but. A slight turn: the definition is not the whole story. |
| dīrgha-kāla (दीर्घकाल) | stem | a long time. dīrgha (दीर्घ) "long," kāla (काल) "time." |
| nairantarya (नैरन्तर्य) | stem | uninterruptedness. From nirantara (निरन्तर), "without a gap." |
| satkāra (सत्कार) | stem | care, respect, attending to it as something that matters. |
| āsevitaḥ (आसेवितः) | nominative singular, past participle | cultivated, practiced, waited upon. |
| dṛḍha-bhūmiḥ (दृढभूमिः) | nominative singular | having firm ground. dṛḍha (दृढ) "firm," bhūmi (भूमि) "ground." |
The phrases
saḥ (सः) is practice. Before a consonant, this pronoun is said sa (स), not saḥ (सः). That is a special fact about saḥ (सः), not the general visarga rule.
tu (तु) marks that a condition is coming.
The long compound is one adjective of saḥ (सः), and it is read from the end:
- āsevita (आसेवित) — cultivated
- by satkāra (सत्कार) — with care
- by nairantarya (नैरन्तर्य) — without a break
- by dīrgha-kāla (दीर्घकाल) — over a long time
The seam satkāra (सत्कार) + āsevita (आसेवित) is a (अ) + ā (आ) = ā (आ). The recited āsevito (आसेवितो) is āsevitaḥ (आसेवितः) before the voiced d (द्) of dṛḍha (दृढ), the same aḥ (अः) → o (ओ) rule as in 1.8.
dṛḍhabhūmiḥ (दृढभूमिः) is a second description: practice, cultivated that way, is something whose ground has become firm. A compound that describes someone by a thing they have ("whose ground is firm") is a bahuvrīhi (बहुव्रीहि). The word bhūmi (भूमि) inside it is not the subject. Practice is the subject. Firm ground is what practice comes to have.
Sanskrit in this line
saḥ (सः) before a consonant is sa (स). Learn it as a pronoun fact: sa tu (स तु), not saḥ tu (सः तु).
The long compound is not harder than the short ones. It is the same question, asked once: what is the last member? āsevita (आसेवित), cultivated. Cultivated how? By the three stems in front of it.
Bahuvrīhi (बहुव्रीहि) is the new name. If the compound describes something it does not name, it is one. dṛḍhabhūmi (दृढभूमि) does not mean "the firm ground." It means "firm-grounded," said of practice.
Say it back
Name the three conditions in Sanskrit, in the order they stand in the compound: dīrghakāla (दीर्घकाल), nairantarya (नैरन्तर्य), satkāra (सत्कार).