1.24
क्लेशकर्मविपाकाशयैरपरामृष्टः पुरुषविशेष ईश्वरः
kleśa-karma-vipākāśayair aparāmṛṣṭaḥ puruṣa-viśeṣa īśvaraḥ
The line
Īśvara (ईश्वर) is a distinct puruṣa (पुरुष), untouched by affliction, action, result, and the store of impressions.
नेपालीमा
ईश्वर क्लेश, कर्म, फल र संस्कारको सञ्चयले नछोएका भिन्न पुरुष हुन्।
Where it sits
1.23 used the name. This line defines it, using puruṣa (पुरुष) from 1.16 and the privative a- (अ) from 1.5. The afflictions themselves are not listed until 2.3. You only need, now, that Īśvara (ईश्वर) is a puruṣa (पुरुष) the usual stains do not touch.
Vyāsa (व्यास)'s bhāṣya (भाष्य) draws the line the adjectives draw. A released puruṣa (पुरुष) had a bond and is free of it. Īśvara (ईश्वर) has no bond at any time: affliction, action, result, and the store never touched him. He is puruṣa-viśeṣa (पुरुषविशेष), one special puruṣa (पुरुष) among the puruṣas (पुरुष), an exemplar of the seer. prakṛti (प्रकृति) stays the unproduced producer this book shares with Sāṅkhya (साङ्ख्य). The line does not make Īśvara (ईश्वर) the maker of prakṛti (प्रकृति), or of the other puruṣas (पुरुष). Dedication to him, from 1.23, is an aid to samādhi (समाधि). It is not the installing of a single creator over the many seers.
Split: kleśa (क्लेश) + karma (कर्म) + vipāka (विपाक) + āśayaiḥ (आशयैः) + aparāmṛṣṭaḥ (अपरामृष्टः) + puruṣa (पुरुष) + viśeṣaḥ (विशेषः) + īśvaraḥ (ईश्वरः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| kleśa (क्लेश) | stem | affliction. Named properly at 2.3. Here, one of the things Īśvara (ईश्वर) is untouched by. |
| karma (कर्म) | stem | action. |
| vipāka (विपाक) | stem | ripening, the result of action. |
| āśayaiḥ (आशयैः) | instrumental plural of āśaya (आशय) | by the store of impressions. The ending covers all four. |
| aparāmṛṣṭaḥ (अपरामृष्टः) | nominative singular, masculine | untouched. a- (अ) “not,” plus parāmṛṣṭa (परामृष्ट) “handled, smeared.” |
| puruṣa (पुरुष) | stem | puruṣa (पुरुष). The seer of 1.16. |
| viśeṣaḥ (विशेषः) | nominative singular, masculine | a distinct one, a special case of puruṣa (पुरुष). |
| īśvaraḥ (ईश्वरः) | nominative singular, masculine | Īśvara (ईश्वर). The predicate. |
The phrases
kleśa-karma-vipākāśayaiḥ (क्लेशकर्मविपाकाशयैः) is instrumental plural: by affliction, action, result, and the store. vipāka (विपाक) + āśaya (आशय) is a (अ) + ā (आ) = ā (आ). Before the vowel of aparāmṛṣṭaḥ (अपरामृष्टः), -aiḥ (ऐः) is recited -air (ऐर्).
aparāmṛṣṭaḥ puruṣa-viśeṣaḥ (अपरामृष्टः पुरुषविशेषः) is who Īśvara (ईश्वर) is: a distinct puruṣa (पुरुष), and untouched. īśvaraḥ (ईश्वरः) is a third nominative, the name. Three nominatives, no verb: “the untouched, the distinct puruṣa (पुरुष), is Īśvara (ईश्वर).”
Sanskrit in this line
The new ending is the instrumental plural -aiḥ (ऐः), “by” many things. Before a vowel it becomes -air (ऐर्): āśayaiḥ aparāmṛṣṭaḥ (आशयैः अपरामृष्टः) is said āśayair aparāmṛṣṭaḥ (आशयैरपरामृष्टः). One ending on āśaya (आशय) serves the whole list, as in 1.6.
Say it back
Say what Īśvara (ईश्वर) is untouched by, with -aiḥ (ऐः) still audible, then the three nominatives.
Next
1.25. In Īśvara the seed of knowing everything is unsurpassed.