2.3
अविद्यास्मितारागद्वेषाभिनिवेशाः क्लेशाः
avidyāsmitā-rāga-dveṣābhiniveśāḥ kleśāḥ
The line
The afflictions are ignorance, I-sense, desire, aversion, and clinging to life.
नेपालीमा
क्लेशहरू अविद्या, अस्मिता, राग, द्वेष र अभिनिवेश हुन्।
Where it sits
The list is the spine of the second pāda (पाद). 2.4–2.9 define the five. 2.10 and 2.11 say how each kind is let go. Do not translate them away. Learn the five names.
Split: avidyā (अविद्या) + asmitā (अस्मिता) + rāga (राग) + dveṣa (द्वेष) + abhiniveśāḥ (अभिनिवेशाः) + kleśāḥ (क्लेशाः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| avidyā (अविद्या) | stem | ignorance. Not knowing what one is. |
| asmitā (अस्मिता) | stem | I-sense. The same word as in 1.17, now as an affliction. |
| rāga (राग) | stem | desire. Coloring attraction. |
| dveṣa (द्वेष) | stem | aversion. |
| abhiniveśāḥ (अभिनिवेशाः) | nominative plural, masculine | clinging to life. The plural ending covers the list of five. |
| kleśāḥ (क्लेशाः) | nominative plural, masculine | the afflictions. The predicate. |
The phrases
Five nominative plurals in one list, the ending only on abhiniveśa (अभिनिवेश). avidyā (अविद्या) + asmitā (अस्मिता) is ā (आ) + a (अ) = ā (आ). dveṣa (द्वेष) + abhiniveśa (अभिनिवेश) is a (अ) + a (अ) = ā (आ). kleśāḥ (क्लेशाः) predicates the name.
These are the kleśa (क्लेश) that 1.24 said Īśvara (ईश्वर) is untouched by, and that 2.2 said practice makes thin. The next lines define them one by one, starting with ignorance, the field of the rest.
Sanskrit in this line
Same list-ending as 1.6 and 1.30. Masculine plural -āḥ (आः) sits on the last member only. Two familiar joins, ā (आ) + a (अ) and a (अ) + a (अ), both become ā (आ).
Say it back
Recite the five names in order until kleśāḥ (क्लेशाः) feels like their name and not a sixth item.
Next
2.4. Ignorance is the field of the others, whether they are dormant, thin, interrupted, or active.