2.16
हेयं दुःखमनागतम्
heyaṃ duḥkham anāgatam
The line
Suffering that has not yet come is to be avoided.
नेपालीमा
अझै नआएको दुःख टार्नुपर्छ।
Where it sits
2.15 said everything is suffering for the discerning. This line is the practical edge: the part still coming is the part the practice can miss. 2.17 will name the cause of that avoidable suffering. The cause is what you can actually work on.
Split: heyam (हेयम्) + duḥkham (दुःखम्) + anāgatam (अनागतम्)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| heyam (हेयम्) | nominative singular, neuter | to be avoided, to be let go. The gerundive heya (हेय), now neuter. |
| duḥkham (दुःखम्) | nominative singular, neuter | suffering. |
| anāgatam (अनागतम्) | nominative singular, neuter | not yet come. an- (अन्) plus āgata (आगत), “arrived.” |
The phrases
Three neuter nominatives in agreement. The suffering that has not yet come is the suffering to be avoided. Suffering already here is not what this line claims you can step out of. The future portion is.
Sanskrit in this line
No new ending. Neuter -am (अम्) three times is agreement, the same discipline as the feminine row in 1.35. anāgata (अनागत) uses an- (अन्) before a vowel, the form the privative takes when the next word begins with a vowel. Before a consonant it was a- (अ), as in akliṣṭa (अक्लिष्ट).
Say it back
Say which suffering is heya (हेय). The adjective anāgatam (अनागतम्) is the whole restriction.
Next
2.17. The cause of what is to be avoided is the joining of seer and seen.