3.17
शब्दार्थप्रत्ययानामितरेतराध्यासात् संकरस् तत्प्रविभागसंयमात् सर्वभूतरुतज्ञानम्
śabdārtha-pratyayānām itaretarādhyāsāt saṃkaras tat-pravibhāga-saṃyamāt sarva-bhūta-ruta-jñānam
The line
Word, object, and idea are laid over one another and mixed. From saṃyama (संयम) on telling them apart, knowledge of the cries of every being.
नेपालीमा
शब्द, वस्तु र प्रत्यय एकअर्कामाथि राखिएका र मिसिएका हुन्छन्। तिनीहरू छुट्याउने संयमबाट हरेक प्राणीको आवाजको ज्ञान हुन्छ।
Where it sits
1.42 said ordinary samāpatti (समापत्ति) is mixed with word, object, and knowing. This line uses that mixture as something saṃyama (संयम) can take apart. The fruit is not magic hearing first. It is knowing what a cry is of.
Split: śabda (शब्द) + artha (अर्थ) + pratyayānām (प्रत्ययानाम्) + itaretara (इतरेतर) + adhyāsāt (अध्यासात्) + saṃkaraḥ (संकरः) + tat (तत्) + pravibhāga (प्रविभाग) + saṃyamāt (संयमात्) + sarva (सर्व) + bhūta (भूत) + ruta (रुत) + jñānam (ज्ञानम्)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| śabda (शब्द) | stem | word. |
| artha (अर्थ) | stem | object. |
| pratyayānām (प्रत्ययानाम्) | genitive plural | of word, object, and idea. The ending covers the three. |
| itaretara (इतरेतर) | stem | one upon another. Mutual. |
| adhyāsāt (अध्यासात्) | ablative singular | from superimposition. From being laid over each other. |
| saṃkaraḥ (संकरः) | nominative singular, masculine | a mixing. They are mixed. |
| tat (तत्) | stem | of that mixing. |
| pravibhāga (प्रविभाग) | stem | the telling apart. |
| saṃyamāt (संयमात्) | ablative singular | from saṃyama (संयम) on the telling apart. |
| sarva (सर्व) | stem | every. |
| bhūta (भूत) | stem | being. |
| ruta (रुत) | stem | cry, the sound a being makes. |
| jñānam (ज्ञानम्) | nominative singular, neuter | knowledge. |
The phrases
Word, object, and idea are mixed because each is laid over the others. śabda (शब्द) + artha (अर्थ) is a (अ) + a (अ) = ā (आ). itaretara (इतरेतर) + adhyāsa (अध्यास) is the same. saṃkaraḥ (संकरः) is the nominative, the mixture.
From saṃyama (संयम) on telling them apart, knowledge of the cries of every being. The second half is the power pattern: saṃyamāt (संयमात्) plus jñānam (ज्ञानम्). A cry is a word. If word and object can be separated, the cry's object can be known.
Sanskrit in this line
Genitive plural -ānām (आनाम्) on a list of three, and ablative -āt (आत्) twice: the cause of the mixture, and the saṃyama (संयम). saṃkaraḥ (संकरः) before t (त्) would be saṃkaras (संकर) if the visarga meets a voiceless t (त्). The text writes saṃkaras tat (संकरस् तत्). aḥ (अः) before t (त्) becomes s (स्).
Say it back
Say why the three are mixed, then what saṃyama (संयम) is on, then the knowledge.
Next
3.18. From making impressions immediate, knowledge of previous births.