3.22
सोपक्रमं निरुपक्रमं च कर्म तत्संयमादपरान्तज्ञानमरिष्टेभ्यो वा
sopakramaṃ nirupakramaṃ ca karma tat-saṃyamād aparānta-jñānam ariṣṭebhyo vā
The line
Action is either already underway or not. From saṃyama (संयम) on that, or from omens, knowledge of the end.
नेपालीमा
कर्म कि त चालु भइसकेको हुन्छ कि हुँदैन। त्यसमा संयमबाट, वा अरिष्टबाट, अन्त्यको ज्ञान हुन्छ।
Where it sits
Kept, and numbered 3.22. The next line returns to friendliness and the rest, from 1.33, and says saṃyama (संयम) there gives strengths. If you ever compare editions, count from here. A book that lacks this sentence will call the friendliness line 3.22.
Split: sa (स) + upakramam (उपक्रमम्) + nirupakramam (निरुपक्रमम्) + ca (च) + karma (कर्म) + tat (तत्) + saṃyamāt (संयमात्) + aparānta (अपरान्त) + jñānam (ज्ञानम्) + ariṣṭebhyaḥ (अरिष्टेभ्यः) + vā (वा)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| sa (स) | stem | with. With an approach already begun. |
| upakramam (उपक्रमम्) | nominative singular, neuter | having an undertaking underway. Action that has started to ripen. |
| nirupakramam (निरुपक्रमम्) | nominative singular, neuter | and without one underway. nir- (निर्) “without.” |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and. Both kinds. |
| karma (कर्म) | nominative singular, neuter | action. The store, in these two conditions. |
| tat (तत्) | stem | on that. |
| saṃyamāt (संयमात्) | ablative singular | from saṃyama (संयम). |
| aparānta (अपरान्त) | stem | the far end. Death, the end of this course. |
| jñānam (ज्ञानम्) | nominative singular, neuter | knowledge. |
| ariṣṭebhyaḥ (अरिष्टेभ्यः) | ablative plural | from omens. From the signs that announce an end. |
| vā (वा) | indeclinable | or. |
The phrases
Action is of two kinds: already underway, and not yet underway. sa (स) + upakrama (उपक्रम) is a (अ) + u (उ) = o (ओ), recited sopakrama (सोपक्रम). From saṃyama (संयम) on that, knowledge of the end. Or the same knowledge from omens. saṃyamāt (संयमात्) before the vowel is saṃyamād (संयमाद्). ariṣṭebhyaḥ vā (अरिष्टेभ्यः वा) is recited ariṣṭebhyo vā (अरिष्टेभ्यो वा), aḥ (अः) before a voiced v (व्).
Some books drop this line. In those books every later number in this pāda (पाद) is one lower. This book keeps the line. The end it knows is the end of a course of action, including the end of a life. It is not a party trick about dates. It is saṃyama (संयम) on whether action has started to ripen.
Sanskrit in this line
a (अ) + u (उ) = o (ओ) in sopakrama (सोपक्रम). Ablative plural -ebhyaḥ (एभ्यः) on ariṣṭa (अरिष्ट), “from the omens,” the same ending as pūrvebhyaḥ (पूर्वेभ्यः) in 3.7. vā (वा) is “or,” a second source of the same knowledge. The line is careful to give two roads.
Say it back
Say the two kinds of action. Then the two sources of the knowledge. Remember the number: 3.22.