4.11
हेतुफलाश्रयालम्बनैः संगृहीतत्वादेषामभावे तदभावः
hetu-phalāśrayālambanaiḥ saṃgṛhītatvād eṣām abhāve tad-abhāvaḥ
The line
They are held together by cause, fruit, basis, and support. When those are absent, the impressions are absent.
नेपालीमा
तिनीहरू कारण, फल, आश्रय र आलम्बनले बाँधिएर रहन्छन्। ती नभए संस्कार पनि हुँदैनन्।
Where it sits
The end of the karma passage. 4.12 begins a different argument: past and future exist in their own form. The impressions can cease. Time, in the next lines, does not make past and future unreal.
Split: hetu (हेतु) + phala (फल) + āśraya (आश्रय) + ālambanaiḥ (आलम्बनैः) + saṃgṛhītatvāt (संगृहीतत्वात्) + eṣām (एषाम्) + abhāve (अभावे) + tat (तत्) + abhāvaḥ (अभावः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| hetu (हेतु) | stem | cause. |
| phala (फल) | stem | fruit. |
| āśraya (आश्रय) | stem | basis. What they rest in. |
| ālambanaiḥ (आलम्बनैः) | instrumental plural | by the support. The ending covers all four. What they take hold of. |
| saṃgṛhītatvāt (संगृहीतत्वात्) | ablative singular | because of being held together by those. |
| eṣām (एषाम्) | genitive plural | of these. Of the impressions. |
| abhāve (अभावे) | locative singular | when there is absence. When the four are absent. |
| tat (तत्) | stem | of them. Of the impressions. |
| abhāvaḥ (अभावः) | nominative singular, masculine | the absence. |
The phrases
The impressions are held together by cause, fruit, basis, and support. phala (फल) + āśraya (आश्रय) is a (अ) + ā (आ) = ā (आ), and āśraya (आश्रय) + ālambana (आलम्बन) is a (अ) + ā (आ) = ā (आ) again. Because they are so held, when those four are absent, the impressions are absent.
eṣām abhāve (एषामभावे) is locative: in the absence of these four. tad-abhāvaḥ (तदभावः) is the absence of the impressions. The line is the way out of 4.10. Beginningless does not mean endless. Remove the four holders, and the traces go.
Sanskrit in this line
Instrumental plural -aiḥ (ऐः) for the four holders. Ablative -tvāt (त्वात्) for the because. Locative abhāve (अभावे) for the when. Nominative abhāvaḥ (अभावः) for the result. The line is a chain of cases. Read the cases and the argument appears.
Say it back
Name the four holders. Then the consequence of their absence.
Next
4.12. Past and future exist in their own form, because properties differ by the road they are on.