4.13
ते व्यक्तसूक्ष्मा गुणात्मानः
te vyakta-sūkṣmā guṇātmānaḥ
The line
Those, manifest or subtle, have the guṇas (गुण) as their nature.
नेपालीमा
ती व्यक्त होऊन् वा सूक्ष्म, तिनीहरूको स्वभाव गुण नै हो।
Where it sits
4.12 said past and future properties exist. This line says what they are made of. 4.14 will say a thing is one because its change is one, even though it is guṇas (गुण).
Split: te (ते) + vyakta (व्यक्त) + sūkṣmāḥ (सूक्ष्माः) + guṇa (गुण) + ātmānaḥ (आत्मानः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| te (ते) | nominative plural, masculine | those. The properties of 4.12. |
| vyakta (व्यक्त) | stem | manifest. |
| sūkṣmāḥ (सूक्ष्माः) | nominative plural, masculine | or subtle. The ending covers both. |
| guṇa (गुण) | stem | the guṇas (गुण). |
| ātmānaḥ (आत्मानः) | nominative plural of ātman (आत्मन्) | having the guṇas (गुण) as their nature. |
The phrases
Those properties, whether manifest or subtle, have the guṇas (गुण) as their nature. guṇa (गुण) + ātman (आत्मन्) is a (अ) + ā (आ) = ā (आ), plural guṇātmānaḥ (गुणात्मानः). A property is not a fourth thing beside the guṇas (गुण). It is the guṇas (गुण) in a form.
Sanskrit in this line
Nominative plural of ātman (आत्मन्) is ātmānaḥ (आत्मानः). You know singular ātmā (आत्मा) from 2.21. The plural adds -naḥ (नः) after the long ā (आ). vyakta-sūkṣma (व्यक्तसूक्ष्म) is a dvandva, “manifest and subtle,” one ending.
Say it back
Say what the properties are, in one compound: guṇātmānaḥ (गुणात्मानः).
Next
4.14. The suchness of a thing comes from the oneness of its transformation.