4.33
क्षणप्रतियोगी परिणामापरान्तनिर्ग्राह्यः क्रमः
kṣaṇa-pratiyogī pariṇāmāparānta-nirgrāhyaḥ kramaḥ
The line
Sequence is what stands over against the moment, and it is grasped at the far end of a change.
नेपालीमा
क्रम क्षणको सामुन्ने उभिने कुरा हो, र त्यो परिणामको टाढाको छेउमा समातिन्छ।
Where it sits
A definition, placed just before the last line, so krama (क्रम) in 4.32 is sharp. 4.34 is the last sūtra (सूत्र). It gives aloneness two wordings.
Split: kṣaṇa (क्षण) + pratiyogī (प्रतियोगी) + pariṇāma (परिणाम) + aparānta (अपरान्त) + nirgrāhyaḥ (निर्ग्राह्यः) + kramaḥ (क्रमः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| kṣaṇa (क्षण) | stem | the moment. |
| pratiyogī (प्रतियोगी) | nominative singular of pratiyogin (प्रतियोगिन्) | what stands over against. Sequence is the counterpart of the moment. |
| pariṇāma (परिणाम) | stem | a change. |
| aparānta (अपरान्त) | stem | the far end. |
| nirgrāhyaḥ (निर्ग्राह्यः) | nominative singular, masculine | grasped at that far end. Sequence is known at the end of a change. |
| kramaḥ (क्रमः) | nominative singular, masculine | sequence. The subject. |
The phrases
Sequence is what stands over against the moment, and it is grasped at the far end of a change. pratiyogī (प्रतियोगी) and nirgrāhyaḥ (निर्ग्राह्यः) both describe kramaḥ (क्रमः). pariṇāma (परिणाम) + aparānta (अपरान्त) is a (अ) + a (अ) = ā (आ).
A moment has no sequence inside it. Sequence is the counterpart of moments, and you see it when a change has reached its far end. That is the sequence 4.32 said comes to an end.
Sanskrit in this line
A stem in -in (इन्), nominative -ī (ई): pratiyogī (प्रतियोगी). And a gerundive-like nirgrāhya (निर्ग्राह्य), “to be grasped,” nominative -aḥ (अः). Both agree with kramaḥ (क्रमः). a (अ) + a (अ) = ā (आ) joins change and its far end.
Say it back
Define sequence without the English first. Counterpart of the moment. Grasped at the far end.