1.2.19
Brahma Sūtra / Adhyāya 1 / 1.2.19
अन्तर्याम्यधिदैवाधिलोकादिषु तद्धर्मव्यपदेशात्
antaryāmyadhidaivādhilokādiṣu taddharmavyapadeśāt
The line
The inner ruler in the god-sections, the world-sections, and the rest is Brahman (ब्रह्मन्), because Brahman (ब्रह्मन्)'s attributes are stated.
नेपालीमा
देवका खण्ड, लोकका खण्ड र बाँकीमा भित्रको नियन्ता ब्रह्म हो, किनकि ब्रह्मका गुण भनिएका छन्।
Where it sits
A new passage. Śaṅkara (शङ्कर) takes the inner ruler as Brahman (ब्रह्मन्), and takes 'he is your self' as the point of the teaching, the difference-language belonging to the way the text speaks. Rāmānuja (रामानुज) takes 'other than' as the point: earth and soul are his body, and he is not identical with either. Madhva takes the inner ruler as Viṣṇu (विष्णु), really other than the soul he rules, 'your self' meaning the ruler of the self.
Split: antaryāmī (अन्तर्यामी) + adhidaiva-adhiloka-ādiṣu (अधिदैव-अधिलोक-आदिषु) + tad-dharma-vyapadeśāt (तद्-धर्म-व्यपदेशात्)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| antaryāmī (अन्तर्यामी) | nominative singular, masculine | the inner ruler |
| adhidaiva-adhiloka-ādiṣu (अधिदैव-अधिलोक-आदिषु) | locative plural, masculine | in the sections concerning the gods, the worlds, and the rest |
| tad-dharma-vyapadeśāt (तद्-धर्म-व्यपदेशात्) | ablative singular, masculine | because the attributes of that, of Brahman (ब्रह्मन्), are stated |
The phrases
The passage is Yājñavalkya (याज्ञवल्क्य)'s answer to Uddālaka (उद्दालक). He who, dwelling in the earth, is other than the earth, whom the earth does not know, whose body the earth is, who rules the earth from within: he is your self, the inner ruler, the deathless. The same is said of water, fire, sky, the directions, sun, moon, breath, speech, eye, mind, and the rest.
One ruler of all gods and all worlds, unknown by what he rules, deathless, the self of the hearer: those are brahman (ब्रह्मन्)'s attributes. The locative ādiṣu (आदिषु) means 'in those sections'. Both recensions are in view, including the sections on worlds that one of them adds.
Sanskrit in this line
antaryāmin (अन्तर्यामिन्), nominative antaryāmī (अन्तर्यामी), before a vowel is recited antaryāmy (अन्तर्याम्य्). The locative plural ādiṣu (आदिषु) covers a list. dharma (धर्म)-vyapadeśa (-व्यपदेश) is the same pattern as at 1.1.21, now of this passage.
Say it back
Say one verse of the pattern: in the earth, other than the earth, unknown by the earth, the earth his body, ruling from within.
Next
1.2.20. He is not the pradhāna (प्रधान) of the smṛti (स्मृति), and not the embodied soul.