3.4.1
Brahma Sūtra / Adhyāya 3 / 3.4.1
पुरुषार्थोऽतः शब्दादिति बादरायणः
puruṣārtho 'taḥ śabdād iti bādarāyaṇaḥ
The line
A compound: the person, and a thing, a meaning, therefore, from this, because of a word thus, Bādarāyaṇa (बादरायण).
Where it sits
In Brahma Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 3. Sādhana (साधन). The means: who is fit, what is meditated on, and the soul's path. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: puruṣa-artho (पुरुष-अर्थो) + ataḥ (अतः) + śabdāt (शब्दात्) + iti (इति) + bādarāyaṇaḥ (बादरायणः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| puruṣa-artho (पुरुष-अर्थो) | nominative singular, masculine | a compound: the person, and a thing, a meaning. Read it from the end |
| ataḥ (अतः) | indeclinable | therefore, from this |
| śabdāt (शब्दात्) | ablative singular | a word |
| iti (इति) | indeclinable | thus. It closes a quote or a thought |
| bādarāyaṇaḥ (बादरायणः) | nominative singular, masculine | Bādarāyaṇa (बादरायण) |
The phrases
puruṣa-artho (पुरुष-अर्थो) is a compound: the person, and a thing, a meaning. Read it from the end. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. ataḥ (अतः) is therefore, from this. It stands as indeclinable. The apostrophe marks an a that was dropped. śabdāt (शब्दात्) is a word. It stands as ablative singular. The line writes it śabdād (शब्दाद्).
iti (इति) is thus. It closes a quote or a thought. It stands as indeclinable. bādarāyaṇaḥ (बादरायणः) is Bādarāyaṇa (बादरायण). It stands as nominative singular, masculine.
Sanskrit in this line
puruṣa-artho (पुरुष-अर्थो) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case. The apostrophe marks an a that was dropped. The line writes it śabdād (शब्दाद्).
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss puruṣa-artho (पुरुष-अर्थो) and śabdāt (शब्दात्).